TABLE 1.
Clinical data of patients with pre‐capillary or combined PH and advanced kidney disease on pulmonary vasodilator therapies.
| Variables | Total n = 17 |
|---|---|
| Age in years—Median (range) | 60 (39–75) |
| Female sex—n (%) | 8 (47) |
| Race—n (%) | |
| African American | 15 (88) |
| Caucasian | 1 (6) |
| Asian | 1 (6) |
| Body Mass Index—Median (IQR) | 26 (22–32) |
| Kidney disease features—n (%) | |
| CKD stage 4 | 4 (24) |
| CKD stage 5 | 13 (76) |
| On haemodialysis | 10 (59) |
| Median time on dialysis in years (range) | 6 (2–11) |
| Baseline comorbidities—n (%) | |
| Hypertension | 16 (94) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 8 (47) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 9 (53) |
| Heart failure | 10 (59) |
| Chronic lung disease | 6 (35) |
| Obstructive sleep apnea | 2 (12) |
| History of venous thromboembolism | None |
| Connective tissue disease | None |
| History of cancer | 1 (6) |
| Chronic anaemia | 14 (82) |
| PH features—n (%) | |
| Precapillary PH | 9 (53) |
| Combined PH | 8 (47) |
| Severe PH | 14 (82) |
| Non‐severe PH | 3 (18) |
| RHC data—median (IQR) | |
| Mean RA pressure (mmHg) | 16 (9–19) |
| Mean PA pressure (mmHg) | 45 (35–50) |
| PA wedge pressure (mmHg) | 13 (6–24) |
| Transpulmonary gradient (mmHg) | 26 (21–32) |
| Pulmonary vascular resistance (Woods) | 5 (3.3–6.2) |
| Cardiac output (L/min) | 5.1 (4.4–7) |
| Cardiac index (L/min/m2) | 3 (2.4–3.9) |
| Echocardiography data—n (%) | |
| LVEF in %—median (IQR) | 55 (40–60) |
| LV diastolic dysfunction (n = 13) | 10 (77) |
| PASP in mmHg—median (IQR) | 61 (45–73) |
| TRV in m/sec—median (IQR) | 3.3 (3.1–3.7) |
| RV strain | 11 (65) |
| RV dilation | 14 (82) |
| RA dilation | 16 (94) |
| IVC diameter of >2.1 cm | 12 (71) |
| IVC inspiratory collapse of <50% | 11 (65) |
| Pulmonary vasodilator therapies | |
| PDE5 antagonists | 16 (94) |
| Endothelin receptor antagonists | 2 (12) |
| Calcium channel blockers | 8 (47) |
| Single therapy | 9 (53) |
| Combination therapy | 8 (47) |
| Outcomes (1 year follow‐up) | |
| Mortality | 3 (18) |
| Cardiovascular outcomes | 4 (24) |
Abbreviations: CKD, chronic kidney disease; IVC, inferior vena cava; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; PA, pulmonary artery; PASP, pulmonary artery systemic pressure; PDE5, phosphodiesterase 5; PH, pulmonary hypertension; RA, right atrium; RV, right ventricle; TRV, tricuspid regurgitation velocity.