Table 2. Details of studies included in this review.
| Study | Participants | Vertical intervention | Horizontal intervention | Set/repetition/intensity | Duration/frequency | Main tests |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dello Iacono, Martone & Padulo (2016) | N = 18; male; 19.6 ± 0.5 yr; 182.5 ± 6.4 cm; 83.8 ± 8.4 kg; U-20 handball national team | Vertical one-leg DJ | Horizontal one-leg DJ | 3s × 5r | PAP intervention (8 min) | CMJ, 25 m shuttle sprint (12.5 + 12.5 and 180° COD) |
| Carbone et al. (2020) | N = 17, male; 22.14 ± 2.52 yr; 81.06 ± 9.6 kg; 1.78 ± 0.05 m; Amateur rugby players | Back squat | Hip thrust | 3s × 3RM | PAP intervention (8 min) | 5 m sprint, 10 m sprint |
| Atalağ et al. (2020) |
N = 17; male: N = 8; female: N = 9; 21.71 ± 1.49 yr; 173.97 ± 11.88 cm; 75.58 ± 11.89 kg; kinesiology and exercise science students |
Back squat | Hip thrust | 1s × 3r × 90% 1RM | PAP intervention (8 min) | Vertical jump, 20 yard dash, 40 yard dash |
| Fernández-Galván et al. (2022) | N = 19, male; 15.61 ± 1.35 yr; 173.89 ± 8.24 cm; 68.31 ± 13.34 kg; tennis players | Full squat | Hip thrust | 1s × 3r × 85% 1RM | PAP intervention (4 min) | 5 m sprint; 10 m sprint; 30 m sprint |
| Wilson et al. (2022) |
N = 33, male; BS: N = 11; 179.3 ± 6.0 cm; 79.0 ± 17.9 kg; DL: N = 11; 180.2 ± 6.7 cm; 78.3 ± 7.0 kg; HT: N = 11; 182.8 ± 5.8 cm; 81.0 ± 11.5 kg; recreational sports participants |
Main lift: back squat or deadlift | Main lift: hip thrust | 3–5s × 4–10r × 70–85% 1RM | 6 weeks, 2 times/week | Horizontal jump, vertical jump |
| Ramírez-Campillo et al. (2015) |
N = 40, male, VG: N = 10, 11.6 ± 1.4 yr, 144 ± 9.6 cm, 40 ± 5.9 kg, HG: N = 10, 11.4 ± 1.9 ys, 150 ± 12.3 cm, 44.6 ± 11.0 kg |
CMJ | Horizontal CMJ | 3–6s × 5–10r | 6 weeks, 2 times/week | CMJ, HCMJ; 15 m sprint, 30 m sprint, CODs |
| Kurt et al. (2023) | N = 32, male, VG: N = 11, HG: N = 11, CG: N = 10, 12.09 ± 0.89 yr, U11–U13 leagues soccer players | Vertical ankle jump, front obstacle jump, CMJ, tuck jump, foot fire, pogo tuck jump, squat jump |
Horizontal obstacle training, heidens, broad jump, kneeling jump, kneeling to broad jump, diagonal jump, multiple diagonal jump |
4–6s × 4–5r | 6 weeks, 2 times/week | Vertical jump, SLJ, 10 m sprint, 20 m sprint, Pro-agility |
| Contreras et al. (2017) | N = 28, male, HG: N = 14, 15.49 ± 1.16 yr, 178.73 ± 5.02 cm, 78.32 ± 12.47 kg, VG: N = 14, 15.48 ± 0.74 yr, 181.61 ± 5.51 cm, 81.16 ± 12.37 kg, rugby and rowing athletes | Front squat | Hip thrust | 4s × 6–12r × 6-12RM | 6 weeks, 2 times/week | Vertical jump, horizontal jump, 10 m sprint, 20 m sprint, hip thrust, front squat, IMTP |
| Abade et al. (2021) | N = 24, male, 16.56 ± 0.56 yr, 176.3 ± 5.8 cm, 66.6 ± 6.2 kg, HG: N = 8, VG: N = 8, CG: N = 8, U17 football players | Back half squat | Hip thrust | 3s × 4–10RM | 20 weeks, 1 time/week | Squat jump, CMJ, horizontal jump, 10m sprint, 20 m sprint |
| Asencio et al. (2022) | N = 29, male, VG: N = 11, 22.6 ± 4.0 yr, 1.79 ± 0.09 m, 75.5 ± 14.1 kg, HG: N = 8, 22.0 ± 4.1 yr, 1.76 ± 0.05 m, 74.9 ± 11.4 kg, 1.77 ± 0.09 m, 75.6 ± 16.8 kg, recreational athletes | Vertical flywheel training | Horizontal flywheel training | 3s × 8r × 0.045/0.090 kg·m2 | 4 weeks, 2 times/week | 1RM squat, CMJ, 505-dominant side test, 505-non-dominant side test |
| Gonzalo-Skok et al. (2019) | N = 20, male, 13.2 ± 0.7 yr, 59.5 ± 12.7 kg, 172.9 ± 7.9 cm, VG: N = 9, HG: N = 9, highly trained basketball players | 20 cm DJ, squat jump, CMJ, tuck jump, hurdle jump |
Horizontal DJ 10 cm, standing long jump, unilateral jump, triple jump | 3–5s × 2–5r | 6 weeks, 2 times/week | 5, 10, 25 m sprint, bilateral and unilateral CMJ, horizontal unilateral CMJ, V-cut, 180° COD |
| Hammond et al. (2019) | N = 14, male, VG: N = 7, HG: N = 7, 22.07 ± 0.62 yr, 179.31 ± 6.96 cm, 79.77 ± 13.81 kg, trained subjects | Back squat | Hip thrust | 3s × 80% 1RM × perform to failure | 4 weeks, 2 times/week | 1RM squat, 1RM hip thrust |
| Manouras et al. (2016) | N = 30, male; VG: N = 10, 20.75 ± 6.14 yr, 1.78 ± 0.07 m, 72.10 ± 11.30 kg, HG: N = 10, 19.10 ± 5.75 yr, 1.75 ± 0.06 m, 69.80 ± 11.00 kg, soccer players | Vertical ankle jump, CMJ, front obstacle jump, DJ | Horizontal ankle jump, long jump, diagonal obstacle jump, multiple long jump | 3–5s × 4–6r | 8 weeks, 1 time/week | 10, 30 m sprint, SLJ, CMJ |
| Loturco et al. (2015) |
N = 24, male, VG: N =12, 18.2 ± 0.6 yr, 177 ± 5.2 cm, 72.7 ± 5.6 kg, HG: N = 12, 18.5 ± 0.8 yr, 176 ± 4.3 cm, 71.8 ± 4.2 kg, U-20 soccer players |
CMJ | Horizontal jump | 4–6s × 8–10r | 3 weeks, 6 times/week | CMJ, horizontal jump, 10, 20 m sprint |
| Dello Iacono et al. (2017) | N = 18, male, 23.4 ± 4.6 yr, 192.5 ± 3.7 cm, 87.8 ± 7.4 kg, well-trained handball players | Vertical DJ | Horizontal DJ | 5–8s × 6–10r | 10 weeks, 2 times/week | CMJ, 10, 25 m sprint, COD |
| Barbalho et al. (2020) | N = 22, female, VG: N = 12, 26.4 ± 1.3 yr, 171.8 ± 3.8 cm, 69.5 ± 4.9 kg, HG: N = 10, 27.5 ± 1.4 yr, 170.8 ± 4.4 cm, 67.5 ± 4.7 kg, well-trained subjects | Back squat | Hip thrust | 6s × 4–15r | 12 weeks, 1 time/week | 1RM squat, 1RM hip thrust |
| Talukdar et al. (2022) | N = 30, female, VG: N = 11, 13.50 ± 0.96 yr, 56.25 ± 14.87 kg, 1.64 ± 0.10 m, HG: N =10, 13.40 ± 0.92 yr, 54.73 ± 7.16 kg, 1.65 ± 0.06 m, student athletes and physical education students | Vertical plyometric training | Horizontal plyometric training | 3–5s × 5–10r | 7 weeks, 2 times/week | 10, 20, 30 m sprint, IMTP, vertical jump, SLJ |
| Los Arcos et al. (2014) |
N = 15, male, VG: N = 7, 20.3 ± 1.9 yr, 1.8 ± 0.1 m, 69.6 ± 4.1, HG: N = 8, 19.6 ± 1.6 yr, 1.8 ± 0.1 m, 71.2 ± 5.4 kg, professional soccer players |
Vertical half squat, vertical calf exercises, vertical jump, | Horizontal half squat, horizontal calf exercises, sled walking, horizontal jump, sled towing | Resistance training: 2s × 5r × 30–76% body weight plyometric training: 1s × 5r × 0–5% body weight |
8 weeks 1–2 times/week | CMJ, CMJ-single leg, 5, 15 m sprint |
| Keller et al. (2020) | N = 45, male, 14 ± 0.8 yr, 63 ± 14 kg, 175 ± 11 cm, HG: N = 12, VG: N = 12, U15 team sport athletes | DJ, drop landing, split-squat jump, multiple bounding | Horizontal jump, lateral jump | HG: 4–7s × 5r, VG: 3s × 8–10r × 70–100 cm | 4 weeks, 2 time/week | CMJ, DJ, SLJ |
| Tibor, Judit & Zoltán (1990) | N = 40, male, 13.4 ± 0.11 yr, VG : N =15, HG: N = 15, Control G: N = 10, healthy and active boys | Vertical plyometric training | Horizontal plyometric training | 80–180 jump/session, 160–360 jumps/week | 10 weeks, 2 times/week | SLJ, 5 horizontal jumps, CMJ |
| Nobari et al. (2023) | N = 23, male, 23.1 ± 2.8 yr, 178.3 ± 4.8 cm, 72.4 ± 4.9 kg, VG: N =10, HG: N = 9, semi-professional soccer players | Vertical ankle jump, CMJ, squat jump | Horizontal ankle jump, long jump, diagonal obstacle jump, |
4s × 6-7r | 13 weeks, 5–6 times/week | 10, 20, 30 m sprint, 5-0–5 test |
| Aztarain-Cardiel et al. (2023) | N = 40, male, VG: N = 11, 21.2 ± 2.0 yr, 1.90 ± 0.08 m, 87.1 ± 17.7 kg, HG: N = 10, 23.1 ± 3.7 yr, 1.89 ± 0.08 m, 85.3 ± 12.9 kg, basketball players | Vertical plyometric | Horizontal plyometric | 2s × 3-12r | 6 weeks, 2 times/week | Rocket jump, abalakov jump, horizontal jump, 5, 10, 20 m sprint |
Note:
VG, vertical group; HG, horizontal group; DJ, drop jump; SLJ, standing long jump; CMJ, countermovement jump; HCMJ, horizontal countermovement jump; s, sets; r, repetitions; RM, repetition maximal; IMTP, isometric mid-thigh pull; COD, change of direction.