Table 12.
Representative medical countermeasures for Nipah
| Classification | Name | Platform/Strategy | Stage | Efficacy/Benefic | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vaccines | VSV-F/G | Vesicular stomatitis virus vectors expressing NiV F or/and G | Clinical | Immunogenic and protected ferrets | 674,680 |
| LC16m8-F/G | Vaccinia virus LC16m8 expressing NiV F/G | Preclinical | Protects hamsters | 675 | |
| Viral like particles | Formulate VLPs of NIV by expressing G, F and M protein | Preclinical | Immunogenic in mice | 676 | |
| CD40 vaccine | Fusing a humanized anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody with conserved peptides | Preclinical | Protect African green monkey | 677 | |
| mRNA-1215 | / | Clinical | / | / | |
| Antibodies | m102.4 | Human monoclonal antibody targeting G | Clinical | Effective in NHPs and ferrets | 681–683 |
| Hu1F5 | Human monoclonal antibody targeting F | Preclinical | Effective in NHPs | 931 | |
| NiV41 | Human monoclonal antibody targeting F | Preclinical | Cross-reactive to NiV and Hendra virus and protect hamsters | 684 | |
| Small molecular drugs | Fapiravir | RdRp inhibitor | Preclinical | Effective in hamsters | 679 |
| Ribavirin | Broad spectrum antiviral drug | Preclinical | Used in clinical in Kerala in South India | 649 |
NiV Nipah virus, G glycoprotein, F fusion protein, M matrix protein, VLPs viral like particles, RdRp RNA dependent RNA polymerase, NHPs nonhuman primates