Table 3. Frequency of antimicrobial resistance genes detected using whole genome sequencing data of 275 Salmonella isolates from pig farms in Yangon Region, Myanmar (2016–2020).
| No. | Class | Gene | Number of positive isolates (%) | Number of isolates (genes grouped in antibiotic classes (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tetracycline | tet(A) | 112 (40.7) | 127 (46.2) |
| 2 | tet(M) | 15 (5.5) | ||
| 3 | tet(B) | 11 (4) | ||
| 4 | tet(C) | 4 (1.5) | ||
| 5 | Aminoglycoside | aac(6’)-Iaa | 275 (100) | 124 (41.5)* |
| 6 | aph(3’’)-Ib | 47 (17.1) | ||
| 7 | aph(6’’)-Id | 47 (17.1) | ||
| 8 | aph(3’’)-Ia | 34 (12.4) | ||
| 9 | aadA7 | 32 (11.6) | ||
| 10 | aadA1 | 31 (11.3) | ||
| 11 | aac(3)-IId | 22 (8) | ||
| 12 | aadA2 | 17 (6.2) | ||
| 13 | aadA2b | 10 (3.6) | ||
| 14 | aadA17 | 9 (3.3) | ||
| 15 | aac(3)-IId | 3 (1.1) | ||
| 16 | Beta-lactam | blaTEM-1B | 70 (25.5) | 108 (39.3) |
| 17 | blaTEM-176 | 20 (7.3) | ||
| 18 | blaTEM-1C | 12 (4.4) | ||
| 19 | blaCTX-M-14 | 3 (1.1) | ||
| 20 | blaCTX-M-55 | 3 (1.1) | ||
| 21 | Sulfonamide | sul1 | 45 (16.4) | 85 (30.9) |
| 22 | sul2 | 29 (10.5) | ||
| 23 | sul3 | 22 (8) | ||
| 24 | Quinolone | qnrS1 | 75 (27.3) | 81 (29.5) |
| 25 | qnrS2 | 5 (1.8) | ||
| 26 | qnrD1 | 1 (0.4) | ||
| 27 | Trimethoprim | dfrA14 | 24 (8.7) | 47 (17.1) |
| 28 | dfrA12 | 23 (8.4) | ||
| 29 | Phenicol | floR | 30 (10.9) | 37 (13.5) |
| 30 | catA2 | 14 (5.1) | ||
| 31 | cmlA1 | 3 (1.1) | ||
| 32 | Macrolide | mph(A) | 20 (7.3) | 23 (8.4) |
| 33 | mef(B) | 3 (1.1) | ||
| 34 | Colistin | mcr-3 | 22 (8) | 22 (8.0) ** |
| 35 | mcr-1 | 1 (0.4) | ||
| 36 | Fosfomycin | fosA7 | 13 (4.7) | 13 (4.7) |
| 37 | Lincosamide | lnu(F) | 9 (3.3) | 9 (3.3) |
* Excluded gene aac’(6’)-Iaa
** One strain co-carrying both mcr-1 and mcr-3