Table 5.
Gender responsiveness assessment of interventions in included studies by type and population engagement (N = 133)
| Did not require individual-level participation | Required individual-level participation | GRAS classification among those that required individual-level participationa | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender unequal | Gender unaware | |||||||
| n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
| Interventions (133) | 13 | 9.8% | 120 | 90.2% | 44 | 36.7% | 76 | 63.3% |
| Water (n = 64) | 8 | 12.5% | 56 | 87.5% | 19 | 33.9% | 37 | 66.1% |
| Sanitation (n = 8) | 4 | 50.0% | 4 | 50.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 4 | 100.0% |
| Hygiene (n = 46) | 0 | 0.0% | 46 | 100.0% | 17 | 37.0% | 29 | 63.0% |
| Water, sanitation and hygiene (n = 4) | 0 | 0.0% | 4 | 100.0% | 3 | 75.0% | 1 | 25.0% |
| Water and sanitation (n = 4) | 1 | 25.0% | 3 | 75.0% | 1 | 33.3% | 2 | 66.7% |
| Water and hygiene (n = 5) | 0 | 0.0% | 5 | 100.0% | 3 | 60.0% | 2 | 40.0% |
| Sanitation and hygiene (n = 2) | 0 | 0.0% | 2 | 100.0% | 1 | 50.0% | 1 | 50.0% |
| Type of water intervention (n = 77) | 9 | 11.7% | 68 | 88.3% | 24 | 35.3% | 44 | 64.7% |
| Improved, on premise, continuous supply (n = 1) | 1 | 100.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% |
| Improved, on premise, higher water quality (n = 2) | 0 | 0.0% | 2 | 100.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 2 | 100.0% |
| Improved, on premise (n = 9) | 6 | 66.7% | 3 | 33.3% | 0 | 0.0% | 3 | 100.0% |
| Improved, not on premise (n = 8) | 2 | 25.0% | 6 | 75.0% | 2 | 38.6% | 4 | 61.4% |
| Point-of-use treatment of water from unimproved water source or improved source not on premise (n = 57) | 0 | 0.0% | 57 | 100.0% | 22 | 28.9% | 35 | 46.1% |
| Type of sanitation intervention (n = 18) | 5 | 27.8% | 13 | 72.2% | 4 | 30.8% | 9 | 69.2% |
| Sewer connection (n = 4) | 4 | 100.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% |
| Basic sanitation/improved sanitation (n = 14) | 1 | 7.1% | 13 | 92.9% | 3 | 23.1% | 10 | 76.9% |
| Type of hygiene intervention (n = 57) | 0 | 0.0% | 57 | 100.0% | 23 | 40.4% | 34 | 59.6% |
| Promotion of handwashing with soap provision (n = 34) | 0 | 0.0% | 34 | 100.0% | 10 | 29.4% | 24 | 70.6% |
| Promotion of handwashing with no provision of soap (n = 23) | 0 | 0.0% | 23 | 100.0% | 13 | 56.5% | 10 | 43.5% |
| Classification by group targeted for intervention engagement (n = 120) | ||||||||
| Specific to women (n = 21) | 21 | 100.0% | 0 | 0.0% | ||||
| Specific to men (n = 0) | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | ||||
| Specific to children (n = 2) | 0 | 0.0% | 2 | 100.0% | ||||
| Specific to other specified individuals (n = 10)b | 0 | 0.0% | 10 | 100.0% | ||||
| Specific to unspecified populations (n = 39) | 0 | 0.0% | 39 | 100.0% | ||||
| Multiple populations (n = 48) | 23 | 47.9% | 25 | 52.1% | ||||
aThe only categories listed are ‘gender unequal’ and ‘gender unaware’ because none of the other categories were represented.
bExamples of ‘other specified individuals’ targeted for intervention activities include daycare administrators and staff, teachers and field-based staff.