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. 2024 Sep 20;22:851. doi: 10.1186/s12967-024-05643-4

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — Using MR analysis to screen for inflammatory cytokines that have a statistically causal relationship with RA. (A-C) Forest plot of the causal relationships between total RA, serum positive RA, serum negative RA and significant inflammatory cytokines (OR < 1 indicates protection, OR > 1 indicates pathogenicity). (D-F) Circular map of causal relationships between total RA, serum positive RA, serum negative RA and all inflammatory cytokines (Red represents statistically significant)