Table 3.
Summary of means, standard deviations (SD), sample numbers (N), mean mid-parental values (MPV) for thirteen morphological traits in C. aurita x Callithrix sp. hybrids (AH). In the “Mid-Parental Value (MPV)” columns “A_J” is the MPV between C. aurita and C. jacchus, “A_P” is the MPV between C. aurita and C. penicillata, and “A_G” is the MPV between C. aurita and C. geoffroyi. In the “P-values of t-Tests between MPV and Hybrid Means” columns “A_J x AH” represents p-values from t-tests between AH hybrid trait means to the A_J MPV, “A_G x AH” represents p-values from t-tests between AH hybrid trait means to the A_G MPV, and “A_P x AH" represents p-values from t-tests from AH hybrids to the A_P MPV. In the “P-values of t-Tests between Parental and Hybrid Means” column “AH-A” indicates p-values of Welch’s t-tests between AH hybrids and C. aurita trait means. The “AH-J” column indicates p-values of Welch’s t-tests between AH hybrids and C. jacchus trait means, the “AH-G” column indicates p-values of Welch’s t-tests between AH hybrids and C. geoffroyi, the “AH-P” column indicates p-values of Welch’s t-tests between AH hybrids and C. penicillata trait means. Significant p-values are indicated as “*” for p-value<0.05, as “**” for p-value<0.01, and as “***” for p-value<0.001. “Cm” refers to centimeters, “mm” to millimeters, and “g” to grams
| C. aurita x Callithrix sp. (AH) | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AH Hybrid Traits | Mid–Parental Value (MPV) | P-values of t-Tests between MPV and Hybrid Means | P-values of t-Tests between Parental and Hybrid Means | Notes | ||||||||||
| Trait | N | Mean | SD | A_J | A_P | A_G | A_J x AH | A_G x AH | A_P x AH | AH-A | AH-J | AH-G | AH-P | AH Hybrid Trait Classification |
| BODY: Body length (cm) | 9 | 21.4 | 1.9 | 20.9 | 21.4 | 22.0 | 0.488 | 0.307 | 0.946 | 0.433 | 0.056 | 0.327 | 0.534 | C. aurita-like |
| FEMUR: Femur length (cm) | 9 | 6.4 | 0.6 | 6.0 | 6.1 | 6.4 | 0.083 | 0.786 | 0.231 | 0.625 | ** | 0.980 | * | Intermediate between C. aurita and C. geoffroyi; Larger than C. jacchus and C. penicillata |
| FO: Fronto–Occipital Distance (mm) | 9 | 38.8 | 3.6 | 41.1 | 41.2 | 41.4 | 0.094 | 0.064 | 0.083 | * | 0.538 | 0.326 | 0.433 | Smaller than all putative parental species |
| FOOT: Foot Length(mm) | 9 | 57.9 | 4.5 | 57.9 | 57.7 | 58.3 | 0.971 | 0.796 | 0.908 | 0.100 | 0.902 | 0.177 | * | Intermediate between C. aurita and jacchus group species |
| FOREARM: Distance Wrist to Elbow (cm) | 9 | 5.2 | 0.5 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 5.0 | 0.103 | 0.434 | 0.156 | 0.847 | 0.004 | 0.123 | ** | C. aurtia -like |
| HAND: Distance Wrist to Tip of Longest Finger (mm) | 9 | 39.0 | 3.7 | 33.0 | 32.9 | 33.4 | *** | 0.908 | *** | * | * | 0.082 | * | Transgressive relative to C. aurita and C. penicillata/C. jacchus |
| HUMERUS: Humerus Length (cm) | 9 | 5.2 | 0.8 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.32 | 0.590 | 0.524 | 0.505 | 0.510 | 0.100 | 0.620 | 0.067 | Intermediate between C. aurita and C. penicillata/C. jacchus |
| IC: Intercranial Distance (mm) | 9 | 32.6 | 4.8 | 30.3 | 30.8 | 31.7 | 0.185 | 0.584 | 0.287 | 0.737 | ** | 0.187 | 0.030 | Intermediate between C. aurita and C. geoffroyi; Larger than C. jacchus and C. penicillata |
| JAW: Width of the Jaw (mm) | 9 | 26.3 | 12.4 | 23.0 | 23.3 | 24.7 | 0.445 | 0.708 | 0.488 | 0.557 | 0.357 | 0.882 | 0.432 | Larger than all putative parental species |
| TAIL: Tail Length (cm) | 9 | 29.7 | 3.6 | 29.9 | 30.0 | 31.5 | 0.910 | 0.176 | 0.837 | 0.066 | 0.110 | 0.527 | 0.134 | Intermediate between C. aurita and jacchus group species |
| TIBIA: Tibia Length (cm) | 9 | 7.2 | 0.7 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 7.2 | 0.163 | 0.847 | 0.136 | 1.000 | * | 0.719 | * | C. aurita-like |
| WEIGHT: Weight (g) | 9 | 408.1 | 39.6 | 381.6 | 374.5 | 413.38 | 0.079 | 0.700 | * | 0.096 | *** | 0.318 | *** | Heterotic relative to C. aurita and C. penicillata |
| ZYG: Maximal zygomatic breadth (mm) | 9 | 30.3 | 3.0 | 30.1 | 30.0 | 30.8 | 0.808 | 0.665 | 0.756 | 0.355 | 0.157 | 0.886 | 0.129 | Intermediate between C. aurita and jacchus group species |