Table 4.
Summary of means, standard deviations (SD), sample numbers (N), mean mid-parental values (MPV) for thirteen morphological traits in C. penicillata x C. jacchus hybrids (PJ). The “P-values of t-Tests between MPV and Hybrid Means” column shows p-values from t-tests between PJ hybrids and the MPV. The “P-values of t-Tests between Parental and Hybrid Means:PJ-J” column represents Welch’s t-tests p-values between C. jacchus and PJ hybrids. The “P-values of t-Tests between Parental and Hybrid Means:PJ-P” column represents p-values for Welch’s t-tests between C. penicillata and PJ hybrids. Significant p-values are indicated as “*” for p-value<0.05, “**” for p-value<0.01, and “***” p-value<0.001. “Cm” refers to centimeters, “mm” to millimeters, and “g” to grams
| C. penicillata x C. jacchus (PJ) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trait | N | Mean | SD | Mid-Parental Value (MPV) | P-values of t-Tests between MPV and Hybrid Means | P-values of t-Tests between Parental and Hybrid Means:PJ-J | P-values of t-Tests between Parental and Hybrid Means:PJ-P | Notes |
| BODY: Body length (cm) | 54 | 21.3 | 2.7 | 20.4 | * | ** | 0.472 | Heterosis |
| FEMUR: Femur length (cm) | 54 | 5.8 | 0.6 | 5.6 | 0.100 | 0.074 | 0.921 | C. penicillata-like |
| FO: Fronto-Occipital Distance (mm) | 49 | 39.2 | 3.1 | 39.8 | 0.255 | 0.523 | 0.259 | Smaller than C. jacchus and C. penicillata |
| FOOT: Foot Length (mm) | 54 | 54.4 | 5.1 | 54.4 | 0.932 | 0.793 | 0.837 | Intermediate |
| FOREARM: Distance Wrist to Elbow (cm) | 54 | 4.6 | 0.5 | 4.5 | 0.099 | 0.129 | 0.498 | C. penicillata-like |
| HAND (mm): Distance Wrist to Tip of Longest Finger | 50 | 34.4 | 3.6 | 35.3 | 0.094 | 0.221 | 0.330 | Smaller than C. jacchus and C. penicillata |
| HUMERUS: Humerus Length (cm) | 54 | 4.7 | 0.7 | 4.6 | 0.421 | 0.756 | 0.418 | C. jacchus-like |
| IC: Intercranial Distance (mm) | 54 | 28.9 | 2.2 | 27.9 | ** | ** | 0.229 | Heterosis |
| JAW: Width of the Jaw (mm) | 53 | 23.7 | 4.2 | 22.6 | 0.060 | 0.073 | 0.236 | Larger than C. penicillata and C. jacchus |
| TAIL: Tail Length (cm) | 52 | 28.7 | 2.4 | 27.5 | *** | 0.069 | 0.061 | Heterosis |
| TIBIA: Tibia Length (cm) | 54 | 6.7 | 0.6 | 6.5 | 0.119 | 0.495 | 0.189 | Larger than C. jacchus and C. penicillata |
| WEIGHT: Weight (g) | 53 | 317.9 | 73.2 | 315.5 | 0.808 | 0.766 | 0.485 | Intermediate |
| ZYG: Maximal zygomatic breadth (mm) | 53 | 29.1 | 2.4 | 28.6 | 0.168 | 0.364 | 0.235 | Larger than C. jacchus and C. penicillata |