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. 2024 Sep 19;23:303. doi: 10.1186/s12944-024-02286-8

Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of participants according to RC quartiles

RC quartiles, mg/dL P value
Q1 (< 17.40) Q2 (17.40-27.07) Q3 (27.07–38.23) Q4 (≥ 38.23)
N 3787 3733 3745 3754
Age, years 48.37 ± 13.80 50.88 ± 13.70 51.76 ± 13.26 52.80 ± 12.71 < 0.001
Gender < 0.001
 Male 2174 (57.4) 2324 (62.3) 2541 (67.9) 2674 (71.2)
 Female 1613 (42.6) 1409 (37.7) 1204 (32.1) 1080 (28.8)
Height, cm 165.97 ± 8.36 166.16 ± 8.27 167.01 ± 8.45 167.41 ± 8.36 < 0.001
Weight, kg 65.66 ± 11.88 68.22 ± 11.57 70.64 ± 12.07 72.45 ± 12.08 < 0.001
BMI, kg/m2 23.73 ± 3.29 24.62 ± 3.23 25.23 ± 3.23 25.75 ± 3.18 < 0.001
SBP, mmHg 125.25 ± 17.57 126.94 ± 17.94 127.92 ± 17.34 129.89 ± 17.67 < 0.001
DBP, mmHg 76.78 ± 11.06 78.08 ± 11.19 78.97 ± 10.90 80.09 ± 11.34 < 0.001
FPG, mmol/L 5.92 ± 0.31 5.93 ± 0.31 5.96 ± 0.32 6.00 ± 0.33 < 0.001
TC, mmol/L 4.49 ± 0.78 4.84 ± 0.79 5.14 ± 0.81 5.64 ± 0.91 < 0.001
TG, mmol/L 1.12 ± 0.68 1.43 ± 0.81 1.79 ± 0.95 2.59 ± 1.45 < 0.001
HDL-C, mmol/L 1.45 ± 0.29 1.39 ± 0.27 1.30 ± 0.27 1.20 ± 0.27 < 0.001
LDL-C, mmol/L 2.76 ± 0.65 2.89 ± 0.67 3.01 ± 0.69 3.10 ± 0.78 < 0.001
ALT, U/L 23.91 ± 24.26 25.80 ± 20.49 29.13 ± 21.11 33.29 ± 24.57 < 0.001
AST, U/L 24.10 ± 9.04 25.40 ± 11.99 26.53 ± 10.90 28.53 ± 12.71 < 0.001
BUN, mmol/L 4.95 ± 1.22 5.01 ± 1.25 5.02 ± 1.25 5.04 ± 1.25 0.015
Cr, umol/L 71.87 ± 16.26 72.68 ± 15.77 73.46 ± 16.45 74.15 ± 16.14 < 0.001
Family history of diabetes 86 (2.3) 96 (2.6) 98 (2.6) 112 (3.0) 0.285
Smoking status < 0.001
 Current 472 (12.5) 601 (16.1) 800 (21.4) 999 (26.6)
 Past 91 (2.4) 94 (2.5) 109 (2.9) 114 (3.0)
 Never 3224 (85.1) 3038 (81.4) 2836 (75.7) 2641 (70.4)
Drinking status < 0.001
 Current 75 (2.0) 93 (2.5) 84 (2.2) 138 (3.7)
 Past 453 (12.0) 486 (13.0) 572 (15.3) 516 (13.7)
 Never 3259 (86.1) 3154 (84.5) 3089 (82.5) 3100 (82.6)

Abbreviations BMI body mass index, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, FPG fasting plasma glucose, TG triglyceride, TC total cholesterol, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, ALT alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate aminotransferase, BUN blood urea nitrogen, Cr creatinine, RC remnant cholesterol