Table 2.
EAT-Lancet index, energy intake, and cost of food groups by diet costa
| Index score | Energy intake, kcal (per capita) | Cost per 100 kcal, MXN$ (per consumer) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low cost | High cost | p value | Low cost | High cost | p value | Low cost | High cost | p value | ||
| EAT-Lancet Indexb | 20.4 (20.2, 20.6) | 19.3 (19.1, 19.6) | < 0.001 | |||||||
| Energy, kcal | 1847 (1805, 1889) | 1819 (1775, 1862) | 0.3 | |||||||
| Average cost per 100 kcal | 2.19 (2.17, 2.21) | 3.67 (3.62, 3.72) | < 0.001 | |||||||
| Emphasized intake | 5.75 (5.63, 5.88) | 5.74 (5.56, 5.92) | 0.9 | |||||||
| Vegetables | 1.15 (1.10, 1.20) | 1.47 (1.41, 1.54) | < 0.001 | 36.9 (35.0, 38.7) | 53.6 (50.6, 56.6) | < 0.001 | 7.62 (7.44, 7.8) | 8.15 (7.99, 8.31) | < 0.001 | |
| Fruits | 0.81 (0.75, 0.87) | 1.41 (1.33, 1.49) | < 0.001 | 42.7 (38.3, 47.0) | 86.8 (80.2, 93.4) | < 0.001 | 5.91 (5.66, 6.17) | 6.9 (6.69, 7.11) | < 0.001 | |
| Whole grains | 1.91 (1.86, 1.96) | 1.25 (1.20, 1.31) | < 0.001 | 505 (489, 522) | 328 (316, 341) | < 0.001 | 0.66 (0.64, 0.68) | 0.83 (0.79, 0.87) | < 0.001 | |
| Legumes | 0.87 (0.81, 0.92) | 0.45 (0.41, 0.05) | < 0.001 | 94.3 (87.3, 101.3) | 46.9 (41.7, 52.2) | < 0.001 | 0.94 (0.91, 0.97) | 1.05 (1, 1.11) | < 0.001 | |
| Seafood | 0.15 (0.12, 0.18) | 0.36 (0.31, 0.42) | < 0.001 | 4.0 (2.7, 5.3) | 19.0 (14.0, 23.9) | < 0.001 | 9.57 (8.97, 10.17) | 12.2 (11.15, 13.25) | < 0.001 | |
| Nuts | 0.02 (0.01, 0.02) | 0.05 (0.02, 0.08) | 0.02 | 3.0 (1.8, 4.2) | 6.3 (3.4, 9.2) | 0.023 | 4.58 (4.34, 4.82) | 4.58 (4.18, 4.98) | 0.7 | |
| Unsaturated oils | 0.85 (0.80, 0.90) | 0.73 (0.66, 0.80) | 0.003 | 112 (104, 120) | 98 (85, 111) | 0.03 | 0.8 (0.75, 0.86) | 1.12 (1.01, 1.22) | < 0.001 | |
| Limited intake | 14.6 (14.5, 14.8) | 13.6 (13.5, 13.7) | < 0.001 | |||||||
| Beef and lamb | 2.37 (2.31, 2.43) | 1.91 (1.84, 1.99) | < 0.001 | 39.8 (33.6, 46.0) | 106 (93.5, 119) | < 0.001 | 6.18 (5.74, 6.62) | 7.25 (6.88, 7.62) | < 0.001 | |
| Pork | 2.10 (2.04, 2.16) | 1.94 (1.85, 2.02) | 0.001 | 58.7 (51.6, 65.8) | 87.4 (72.1, 102.7) | < 0.001 | 4.64 (4.48, 4.8) | 5.23 (5.08, 5.37) | < 0.001 | |
| Poultry | 2.47 (2.43, 2.52) | 2.02 (1.95, 2.10) | < 0.001 | 49.8 (44.7, 54.9) | 108 (98.9, 117) | < 0.001 | 4.75 (4.52, 4.99) | 6.25 (6, 6.5) | < 0.001 | |
| Eggs | 1.74 (1.67, 1.81) | 2.17 (2.10, 2.23) | < 0.001 | 60.1 (55.6, 64.7) | 36.2 (33.0, 39.4) | < 0.001 | 2.71 (2.7, 2.73) | 2.75 (2.72, 2.79) | 0.03 | |
| Dairy | 2.13 (2.08, 2.19) | 1.94 (1.89, 2.00) | < 0.001 | 169 (157, 181) | 190 (180, 201) | 0.01 | 2.98 (2.92, 3.05) | 3.5 (3.43, 3.57) | < 0.001 | |
| Potatoes | 2.65 (2.60, 2.70) | 2.74 (2.71, 2.77) | 0.003 | 22.8 (18.1, 27.5) | 16.3 (13.9, 18.7) | 0.02 | 2.82 (2.77, 2.86) | 2.87 (2.81, 2.93) | 0.2 | |
| Added sugars | 1.16 (1.09, 1.22) | 0.88 (0.82, 0.95) | < 0.001 | 211 (202, 221) | 246 (237, 256) | < 0.001 | ||||
Values are predicted means and 95% confidence intervals (in parenthesis) estimated with Stata’s -margins-command. Total energy intake model was adjusted by age group, sex, socioeconomic status, geographical region, place of residence and survey year. All other models adjusted by the same covariates plus energy intake
aLow-cost diet defined as cost residuals below the median (n = 8,056), and high-cost diet above the media (n = 6,186). Median: $50.84 MXN
bRange for EAT-Lance score goes from 0 to 42 points, with each component going from 0 to 3 points