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Average error of each group in reproducing each of the reference angles.
| Reference angle | Medical students |
Orthopedic residents |
Orthopedic surgeons |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean error ± SD | Mean error ± SD | Mean error ± SD | |
| −20° | 1.2° ± 0.4° | 0.4° ± 0.4° | 2.2° ± 3.6° |
| −10° | 0.5° ± 0.5° | 0.6° ± 0.2° | 1.0° ± 0.9° |
| 0° | 0.7° ± 0.7° | 1.3° ± 0.8° | 2.8° ± 1.0° |
| 10° | 1.1° ± 0.6° | 2.0° ± 1.4° | 1.4° ± 1.2° |
| 20° | 1.5° ± 0.3° | 2.3° ± 2.8° | 1.3° ± 0.4° |
| Overall | 1.0° ± 0.2° | 1.3° ± 0.8° | 1.7° ± 0.9° |
