Table 5.

Within- and between group differences at the end for the primary outcome of empathy and the secondary outcomes.

Scales	Between group changes at T1			T0 to T1 for MBGT + TAU					T0 to T1 for TAU
	F (df)	p	ηp2	95% CI	t	p	Δ	d	95% CI	t	p	Δ	d
SMQ	1.21(1)	0.28	0.02	−2.05; 12.59	1.5	0.15	5.27	0.32	−1.62; 3.53	0.77	0.45	0.95	0.16
- Mindful Observation	2.32(1)	0.14	0.05	−0.85; 4.94	1.47	0.16	2.05	0.31	−1.22; 1.31	0.08	0.94	0.05	0.02
- Letting Go	1.93(1)	0.17	0.05	−0.54; 4.18	1.6	0.12	1.82	0.34	−1.17; 0.81	−0.38	0.71	−0.18	−0.08
- Non-Judgment	0.00(1)	0.95	0	−0.78; 2.60	1.12	0.28	0.91	0.24	−0.46; 2.55	1.45	0.16	1.05	0.31
- Non-Aversion	0.07(1)	0.79	0	−1.51; 2.51	0.52	0.61	0.5	0.11	−0.89; 0.98	0.1	0.92	0.04	0.02
CFQ	0.00(1)	0.96	0	−6.25; 4.15	−0.42	0.68	−1.05	−0.09	−2.82; 2.37	−0.18	0.86	−0.23	−0.04
DASS – depression	0.52(1)	0.48	0.01	−3.08; 2.99	−0.03	0.98	−0.05	−0.01	−2.02; 0.71	−0.99	0.33	−0.65	−0.21
DASS – anxiety	0.01(1)	0.93	0	−2.61; 0.88	−1.03	0.32	−0.86	−0.22	−1.16; 1.42	0.21	0.84	0.13	0.04
DASS – stress	0.14(1)	0.72	0	−2.92; 2.74	−0.07	0.95	−0.09	−0.01	−1.61; 0.65	.0.88	0.39	−0.48	−0.18
EQ	0.73(1)	0.4	0.02	−1.79; 5.70	1.09	0.29	1.95	0.23	−1.55; 2.51	0.49	0.63	0.48	0.1
SPF-IRI	2.47(1)	0.12	0.06	−3.95; 1.13	−1.15	0.26	−1.41	−0.25	−0.95; 2.67	0.99	0.34	0.86	0.22
- Perspective Taking	0.67(1)	0.42	0.02	−2.77; 0.05	−2	0.06	−1.36	−0.43	−1.02; 0.74	−0.33	0.74	−0.14	−0.07
- Fantasy	1.70(1)	0.2	0.04	−1.23; 1.04	−0.17	0.87	−0.09	−0.04	−0.39; 1.44	1.19	0.25	0.52	0.26
- Empathic Concern	0.31(1)	0.58	0.01	- 0.90; 0.99	0.1	0.92	0.05	0.02	−0.33; 1.29	1.27	0.23	0.48	0.27
- Personal Distress	1.76(1)	0.19	0.04	−0.68; 1.68	0.88	0.39	0.5	0.18	−0.83; 0.64	−0.27	0.79	−0.43	−0.06
PSP	0.03(1)	0.87	0	−4.83; 6.28	0.27	0.39	0.73	0.06	−4.41; 2.23	−0.68	0.5	−1.09	−0.14
SNS	0.28(1)	0.6	0	−4.07; 1.89	−0.76	0.46	−1.09	−0.16	−1.43; 1.77	0.23	0.82	0.17	0.05
- Social Withdrawal	0.05(1)	0.81	0	−1.63; 0.29	−1.45	0.16	−0.67	−0.32	−0.42; 0.59	0.36	0.72	0.09	0.08
- Diminished Emotional Range	0.78(1)	0.38	0.02	−0.50; 1.16	0.84	0.41	0.33	0.18	−0.57; 0.57	0	1	0	0
- Alogia	0.12(1)	0.73	0	−0.95; 0.76	−0.23	0.82	−0.1	−0.05	−0.40; 0.57	0.37	0.71	0.09	0.08
- Avolition	0.16(1)	0.69	0	−2.02; 0.02	−2.05	0.05	−1	−0.45	−0.74; 0.30	−0.87	0.4	−0.22	−0.18
- Anhedonia	0.36(1)	0.55	0.01	−0.98; 0.41	−0.86	0.4	−0.29	−0.19	−0.32; 0.75	0.84	0.41	0.22	0.18
PANSS – Positive Scale	6.27(1)	0.02	0.13	−3.65; −0.53	−2.79	0.01	−2.09	−0.59	−0.69; 1.04	0.42	0.68	0.17	0.09
PANSS – Negative Scale	0.62(1)	0.44	0.01	−3.59; 1.31	−0.97	0.35	−1.14	−0.21	−1.84; 2.45	0.29	0.77	0.31	0.06

Note. SMQ: Southampton Mindfulness Questionnaire; CFQ: Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire; DASS: Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale; EQ: Empathy Quotient; SPF-IRI: Saarbrücker Persönlichkeitsfragebogen; PSP: Personal and Social Performance Scale; SNS: Self-Evaluation of Negative Symptoms; PANSS: Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; PS: Positive Scale; NS: Negative Scale; CI: 95% Confidence Interval of the difference T₀ – T₁, η_p²: partial eta-squared; Δ: mean difference score (T₁ – T₀); d: Cohen's d; Within-group test: paired-sample t-test; Between-group test: ANCOVA with respective baseline score as covariate.