Table 2.

Antitumor effects of immunotherapeutic drugs in combination with ferroptosis inducers

Authors	Drugs	Tumor types	Therapeutic mechanisms	References
Yang X, et al.	Fish oil-based microemulsion	Colon cancer	Enhances TME infiltration capacity of CD8+T cells, release of IFN-γ exerts anti-tumor effects, and fish oil directly induces ferroptosis in tumor cells.	[74]
Zhang K, et al.	MOF@GOx@MnO2 @PEG: MGMP	TNBC	Accelerates GSH depletion, increases H2O2 content and promotes ferroptosis of tumor cells. Synergistic inhibitory immune checkpoint blocker enhances anti-tumor ability.	[75]
Shi W, et al.	Alum-CpG@Fe-Shikonin NPs	TNBC	Activates ferroptosis of tumor cells, releases DAMPs and antigens to accelerate the maturation of anti-tumor immune cells, induces TAM repolarisation to M1-type and enhances anti-tumor immunity.	[78]
Ling YY, et al.	Ferrocenecontaining Ir(III) photosensitizer (IrFc1)	TNBC	Targets ferrous tumor cells and promots oxidative stress-induced ferroptosis via transferrin receptor, activates the immune response of CD8+T cells.	[79]
Cheng Z, et al.	Gel@WA-cRGD	Melanoma	Inhibits GPX4 and GSH expression and induces ferroptosis in tumor cells via the Keap1-NRF2-Hmox1 pathway. Release of DAMPs and antigen induce antigen-presenting cells maturation. Anti-PD-L1 antibody enhances anti-tumor immune response.	[76]
Wang Y, et al.	hybrid nanoparticle siProminin2@PSN-FeNP	TNBC	Blocks exosome release, reduces tumor cell iron efflux and increases ferroptosis. Synergises with oxaliplatin to promote anti-tumor immune responses.	[80]
Dai X, et al.	RSL-3 + PD-1@gel	Liver cancer	Inhibits GPX4 expression, promotes oxidative stress and ferroptosis in tumor cells. Release of antigen promote anti-tumor immune responses. Release of PD-1 reduces recognition barriers in CD8+T cells.	[81]
Chin YC, et al.	Fe3O4@Chl/Fe CNPs	Bladder cancer	Reduces GSH and GPX4 levels, and induces lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. Inhibits protein function of PD-L1 and reduces of M2-type macrophages.	[82]
Guo W, et al.	AuNp-miR-21–3p	Melanoma	Promotes lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis in tumor cells. Inhibitory immune checkpoint blockers coordinate anti-tumor effects.	[83]
Ma S, et al.	Fe@OVA-IR820	Melanoma	Down-regulates GPX4 expression and promotes ferroptosis in tumor cells. Released DAMPs induce anti-tumor immune responses and synergise with anti-CTLA-4 antibodies to exert anti-tumor effects.	[77]
Hou G, et al.	Hydrazide/Cu/Fe/ indocyanine green coordinated nanoplatform	Melanoma	Promotes Fenton reaction, inhibits GSH and GPX4 activity, and induces lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis in tumor cells. Released DAMPs promote anti-tumor immune response in concert with anti-PD-1 antibody.	[84]
Lei H, et al.	MnMoOx NPs	Colon cancer	Reduces GSH and GPX4 activity in tumor cells, induces lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. Released DAMPs induce anti-tumor immune responses.	[85]
Bao Y, et al.	FG-CDs@Cu	Colon cancer	Depletes intracellular GSH and GPX4 in tumor cells, generates ROS, induces lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. Reduction of HIF-1α effectively stimulates the conversion of M2-type macrophages to M1-type, and release of DAMPs enhance the anti-tumor immune response.	[86]
Li Q, et al.	Leukocyte membrane coated poly encapsulating glycyrrhetinic acid	Colon cancer	Promotes Fenton reaction in tumor cells and inhibits GSH and GPX4, induces lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. Combination of glycerol ferulate, GCMNPs and anti-PD-L1 antibodies synergistically enhance anti-tumor immune responses.	[87]