Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the Study Sample
| All Patients (N = 303) | Clinical Events (n = 169) | |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical data | ||
| Age, y | 64 ± 14 | 67 ± 11 |
| Female | 85 (28) | 41 (24) |
| Body surface area, m2 | 1.89 ± 0.20 | 1.90 ± 0.19 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 29 ± 5 | 29 ± 4 |
| NYHA functional class I or II | 298 (99) | 164 (98) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 137 ± 18 | 139 ± 17 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 77 ± 9 | 77 ± 8 |
| Hypertension | 209 (69) | 127 (75) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 77 (25) | 46 (27) |
| Metabolic syndrome | 62 (21) | 32 (19) |
| History of smoking | 183 (60) | 107 (63) |
| Coronary artery disease | 90 (30) | 56 (33) |
| History of atrial fibrillation | 39 (13) | 22 (13) |
| Medication data | ||
| ACE inhibitors | 82 (27) | 53 (31) |
| ARBs | 91 (30) | 53 (31) |
| Beta-blockers | 94 (31) | 55 (33) |
| Lipid-lowering agents | 200 (66) | 112 (66) |
| Anticoagulants | 21 (7) | 12 (7) |
| Laboratory data | ||
| LDL-C, mmol/L | 2.17 (1.75-2.73) | 2.20 (1.80-2.77) |
| apoB, g/L | 0.80 (0.70-0.99) | 0.81 (0.73-1.00) |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.27 (0.90-1.74) | 1.30 (0.95-1.77) |
| Fasting glucose, mmol/L | 5.4 (5.0-6.1) | 5.4 (5.0-6.1) |
| Creatinine, μmol/L | 81 (70-94) | 83 (73-95) |
| NT-proBNP, pg/mL | 83 (41-204) | 108 (50-236) |
| High-sensitivity troponin T, ng/L | 8.1 (5.4-12.3) | 9.1 (5.9-13.6) |
| Echocardiographic data | ||
| Bicuspid aortic valve | 75 (26) | 30 (18) |
| Stroke volume index, mL/m2 | 42 ± 7 | 43 ± 7 |
| Peak aortic jet velocity, cm/s | 274 ± 52 | 295 ± 56 |
| Mean gradient, mm Hg | 18 ± 8 | 21 ± 9 |
| Aortic valve area, cm2 | 1.27 ± 0.31 | 1.18 ± 0.27 |
| Indexed aortic valve area, cm2/m2 | 0.67 ± 0.16 | 0.63 ± 0.14 |
| AS severity | ||
| Mild AS | 202 (67) | 86 (51) |
| Moderate AS | 36 (12) | 32 (19) |
| Severe AS | 7 (2) | 7 (4) |
| Low-gradient severe AS | 58 (19) | 44 (26) |
| LV mass index, g/m2 | 105 ± 23 | 109 ± 24 |
| E/e’ ratio | 11.2 ± 3.8 | 11.9 ± 4.2 |
| LV ejection fraction, % | 64 ± 6 | 65 ± 6 |
Values are mean ± SD, n (%), or median (25th–75th percentiles).
ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme; apoB = apolipoprotein B; ARB = angiotensin receptor blocker; AS = aortic valve stenosis; LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LV = left ventricular; NT-proBNP = N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide.