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. 2024 Aug 1;27(8):427–438. doi: 10.34172/aim.28863

Table 2. Factors Affecting Brain Drain in Iran's Health System .

Category Subcategory Number of Participants
Individual factors Individual's lack of adaptation to the conditions of the country 5
Comparison of their conditions with other people in other countries 5
Despair about the future 1,3,5,6,8,9,10,11
Decrease in the motivation of elite students and professors 2,7,8
Lack of mental and emotional peace 4,5,7
Lack of proper respect for the elites 5,6,7,8
Economic factors Economic instability 1,4,5,6,10,12,14
Low economic growth 2
High inflation 3,6,7,8,9
Economical pressure 4
Ignorance of the financial needs of elites 4,8
Lack of suitable labor market 3,5,6,11
High taxes 1,2,7
Inequality of people in salaries and wages 1,6,8,12
Social and cultural factors Many social constraints 1
Inducing the thoughts of friends, family, and acquaintances 1,5,7
Bad effects of virtual space 1,5,7,11
Uncertain future of children 1,5,8,10,12
People's anonymity 2
Luxury 5,7
Existence of social tensions and conflicts 1,6,10,12,14
Cultural transformation 1,3,6
Organizational and administrative factors High work pressure 1,10
Lack of meritocracy 3,5,6,7,9,12,13,15
The existence of brokers and organizational mafia 4,7
Many organizational constraints 1
Ethnic discrimination 3
Political factors Distrust of government policies 1,5,8
Increase in the capacity of medical groups 1,2,3,4,5,7,8,9,10
Low international communication 2,12,15
Insufficient attention to elites 2,4,7
Political game by destination countries 3
Changing government policies 4,5,6,7,9
lack of using knowledgeable advisors in making decisions 8,9
Challenges of technology and innovation 6
Little efforts by politicians to change the situation 1,3,6,7,12,15
Lack of acceptance of constructive criticism by managers and politicians 8
Existence of excessive academic and employment quotas 2
Malicious advertising of destination countries 1
Lack of research opportunities 3,4
Attraction factors for destination countries Compensation for lack of population 2,4,5
Interest in collecting elite genetic stocks from other countries 8
Attraction factors of destination countries for elites Predictability of the economy 1,3,4,9
Better quality of life 12
High salary 12