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Endothelial integrity and increased endothelial permeability. Low or oscillatory shear stress impairs cell-cell junctions and cytoskeletal arrangement, thus increasing endothelial permeability. The injured cell-cell junctions include adherens junctions (VE-cadherin binds to p120-catenin, β-catenin or plakoglobin), tight junctions (occludin, claudin and ZO) and gap junctions (Cx37, Cx40 and Cx43).
