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. 2024 Sep 13;10(18):e37917. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37917

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2

Inhibition of cell proliferation after citrate treatment. (A) Cell viability in MIA CaPa-2 cells following 0, 1, or 10 mM sodium citrate treatment in media with varying glucose concentrations for 48 h. The experiment was performed in triplicate with multiple replicates. Results are presented as the mean ± SD; ****p < 0.0001 (B) The percentage of Ki67-positive cells after 0 or 10 mM sodium citrate treatment in a medium with various glucose concentrations for 48 h. Six random fields were quantified for each independent test (n = 3) at × 200 magnification, and the results are presented as the mean ± SD; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 (C–E) Representative immunocytochemistry of Ki67 in MIA PaCa-2 cells after 0 or 10 mM citrate treatment in medium containing 1 mM (C), 5 mM (D), and 25 mM (E) glucose for 48 h. Scale bar: 50 μm. MIA CaPa-2, a pancreatic cancer cell line; SD, standard deviation.