Fig. 3.

Inhibition of cell migration and CD133 expression after treatment with extracellular sodium citrate. (A) A scratch wound-healing assay was conducted on MIA PaCa-2 cells. Cell migration was monitored by inverted microscopy at 0 and 48 h after treatment with 0 or 10 mM sodium citrate in a medium with various concentrations of glucose. (B) The percentage of gap width of (A). (C) Migration assay using MIA PaCa-2 cells treated with various concentrations of sodium citrate and glucose for 24 h. The experiment was independently performed in triplicate. (D) Quantification of migrated cells of (C). Data are expressed as the mean ± SD. Five random fields of each test (n = 3) at × 200 magnification were counted. *p < 0.05; ****p < 0.0001. (E) CD133 and β-actin expression levels in MIA PaCa-2 cells after treatment under the indicated conditions for 24 h. The quantification of band intensities from three independent experiments is shown in Supplementary Fig. 7. MIA PaCa-2, a pancreatic cancer cell line; SD, standard deviation; CD133, prominin I, a cell-surface antigen.