Table 5.

Cox regression survival analysis and AUCs of the LSI–R:SV, LS/RNR, total scores and LS/RNR subscales for recidivism outcomes.

Sample	n	Recidivism
		Any	Violent	Non-violent
LSI–R:SV total score	76
HR [95% CI]		1.19 [0.98, 1.44]	1.44** [1.09, 1.90]	1.15 [0.95, 1.39]
C-Indexa		.55	.63	.53
AUC at 30 days		.65	.66	.55
AUC at 90 days		.56	.61	.55
AUC at 180 days		.52	.65	.52
AUC at 360 days		.64	.69	.61
AUC at 720 days		.77	.71	.75
IBSa		.18	.20	.20
Brier skill score		0.33	0.24	0.23
LS/RNR total score	78
HR [95% CI]		1.05* [1.01, 1.10]	1.09** [1.03, 1.15]	1.06** [1.02, 1.11]
C-Indexa		.61	.67	.61
AUC at 30 days		.67	.71	.57
AUC at 90 days		.65	.73	.63
AUC at 180 days		.65	.75	.69
AUC at 360 days		.66	.77	.69
AUC at 720 days		.72	.72	.76
IBSa		.18	.17	.18
Brier skill score		0.32	0.37	0.30
	Criminogenic needs according to the LS/RNR
Criminal history	78
HR [95% CI]		1.32* [1.05, 1.66]	1.96** [1.29, 2.98]	1.31* [1.03, 1.68]
C-Indexa		.63	.68	.62
AUC at 30 days		.66	.71	.56
AUC at 90 days		.68	.67	.67
AUC at 180 days		.68	.71	.68
AUC at 360 days		.70	.77	.72
AUC at 720 days		.67	.76	.69
IBSa		.18	.17	.19
Brier skill score		0.32	0.37	0.26
Education and employment	78
HR [95% CI]		1.10 [0.96, 1.25]	1.15 [0.97, 1.36]	1.13 [1.00, 1.29]
C-Indexa		.58	.58	.59
AUC at 30 days		.68	.65	.60
AUC at 90 days		.62	.60	.60
AUC at 180 days		.62	.63	.66
AUC at 360 days		.61	.60	.65
AUC at 720 days		.61	.60	.65
IBSa		.19	.21	.20
Brier skill score		0.28	0.22	0.23
Family and marital	78
HR [95% CI]		1.08 [0.87, 1.33]	1.42* [1.04, 1.94]	1.11 [0.89, 1.39]
C-Indexa		.55	.63	.55
AUC at 30 days		.61	.62	.51
AUC at 90 days		.59	.71	.57
AUC at 180 days		.59	.69	.60
AUC at 360 days		.57	.67	.59
AUC at 720 days		.65	.70	.67
IBSa		.19	.20	.20
Brier skill score		0.28	0.26	0.23
Leisure and recreation	78
HR [95% CI]		1.51 [0.92, 2.50]	2.02 [0.98, 4.17]	1.53 [0.91, 2.57]
C-Indexa		.58	.61	.59
AUC at 30 days		.66	.65	.65
AUC at 90 days		.66	.68	.66
AUC at 180 days		.64	.66	.66
AUC at 360 days		.61	.65	.60
AUC at 720 days		.55	.55	.54
IBSa		.18	.20	.20
Brier skill score		0.32	0.26	0.23
Antisocial companions	78
HR [95% CI]		0.91 [0.69, 1.21]	1.11 [0.75, 1.63]	0.95 [0.71, 1.28]
C-Indexa		.52	.52	.50
AUC at 30 days		.43	.39	.38
AUC at 90 days		.50	.52	.49
AUC at 180 days		.52	.55	.54
AUC at 360 days		.58	.63	.60
AUC at 720 days		.43	.50	.46
IBSa		.19	.21	.20
Brier skill score		0.28	0.22	0.23
Alcohol and drug problem	78
HR [95% CI]		1. 16* [1.01, 1.32]	1.21* [1.00, 1.46]	1.18* [1.03, 1.35]
C-Indexa		.58	.63	.59
AUC at 30 days		.62	.59	.64
AUC at 90 days		.61	.62	.62
AUC at 180 days		.61	.65	.63
AUC at 360 days		.58	.68	.59
AUC at 720 days		.70	.63	.69
IBSa		.19	.20	.19
Brier skill score		0.28	0.26	0.26
	Procriminal attitude orientation
HR [95% CI]	78	1.12 [0.90, 1.38]	1.24 [0.95, 1.64]	1.16 [0.93, 1.44]
C-Indexa		.54	.59	.54
AUC at 30 days		.59	.70	.48
AUC at 90 days		.56	.66	.54
AUC at 180 days		.56	.63	.57
AUC at 360 days		.56	.65	.59
AUC at 720 days		.73	.66	.76
IBSa		.18	.19	.19
Brier skill score		0.32	0.30	0.26
Antisocial pattern
HR [95% CI]	78	1.15 [0.91, 1.46]	1.41* [1.03, 1.93]	1.22 [0.95, 1.55]
C-Indexa		.55	.62	.55
AUC at 30 days		.60	.65	.51
AUC at 90 days		.56	.65	.54
AUC at 180 days		.58	.69	.59
AUC at 360 days		.57	.70	.61
AUC at 720 days		.68	.69	.71
IBSa		.18	.19	.18
Brier skill score		0.32	0.30	0.30

Note: LSI–R:SV = Level of Service Inventory–Revised: Screening Version; LS/RNR = Level of Service/Risk, Need, Responsivity; AUC = area under the curve; HR = hazard ratio; CI = confidence interval; IBS = integrated Brier score.

^aBootstrapping validation (with 300 bootstrapped datasets) indicated that bootstrap C-Index and bootstrap IBS values were within 0.03 and 0.05 of reported C-Index and reported IBS values, respectively.

*p < .05. **p < .01.