Table 3.

Cardiovascular risk factors in patients with vitiligo.

Cardiovascular risk factors	Number of studies	N (vitiligo)	N (control)	MD	95% CI	p value	I^2
Diabetes
FBG	12	1039	1005	0.389	[0.301, 0.477]	0.000	33.8%
Insulin	5	351	336	0.653	[0.318, 0.988]	0.000	75.2%
HOMA-IR	4	316	306	0.674	[0.278, 1.070]	0.001	80.4%
Obesity
Waist circumference	12	1020	989	−0.014	[−0.233, 0.205]	0.900	83.1%
Non-segmental vitiligo	3	274	279	−0.118	[−1.031, 0.795]	0.800	95.9%
Segmental vitiligo	3	53	279	−0.792	[−1.675, −0.090]	0.079	83.6%
BMI	19	1313	1269	0.057	[−0.146, 0.260]	0.582	84.2%
Non-segmental vitiligo	3	274	279	−0.168	[−0.999, 0.662]	0.691	95.1%
Segmental vitiligo	3	53	279	−0.405	[−1.001, 0.190]	0.182	64.7%
Hypertension
SBP	10	889	881	0.213	[0.023, 0.404]	0.028	74.5%
Non-segmental vitiligo	2	239	244	0.176	[−0.711, 1.062]	0.698	95.6%
Segmental vitiligo	2	18	244	0.132	[−0.347, 0.611]	0.590	8.9%
DBP	10	889	881	0.259	[0.062, 0.456]	0.010	76.0%
Non-segmental vitiligo	2	239	244	0.599	[0.417, 0.782]	0.000	0.0%
Segmental vitiligo	2	18	244	0.348	[−0.132, 0.828]	0.156	4.5%
Hyperlipidemia
TC	12	681	682	0.665	[0.307, 1.022]	0.000	89.8%
TG	18	1987	1460	0.299	[0.140, 0.458]	0.000	76.9%
Non-segmental vitiligo	2	239	244	0.065	[−0.111, 0.241]	0.471	0.0%
Segmental vitiligo	2	18	244	−0.221	[−0.700, 0.257]	0.365	0.0%
LDL	13	766	757	0.594	[0.306, 0.882]	0.000	85.9%
HDL	18	1350	1333	−0.373	[−0.623, −0.123]	0.003	89.8%
Non-segmental vitiligo	2	239	244	0.174	[−0.215, 0.563]	0.380	77.5%
Segmental vitiligo	2	18	244	1.320	[−1.204, 3.843]	0.305	95.7%
Phospholipids	2	45	54	0.049	[−0.350, 0.448]	0.810	0.0%
Other risk factors
Hcy	14	754	678	0.692	[0.352, 1.032]	0.000	89.3%
CRP	4	308	303	0.837	[0.320, 1.354]	0.002	87.5%