Fig. 1.

Digitizing high-speed video of gel-biting strikes with automated landmarking software. Strike sequences for a hybrid pupfish strike at peak gape (A) and a miss (B). Videos were filmed at 1100 frames s⁻¹ on a Phantom VEO 440S camera. Five landmarks on each frame were placed automatically using our SLEAP inference model and are illustrated as small yellow dots to emphasize the accuracy of these inferred landmarks (extended version in Fig. S2; Automated landmarking of video sequences is provided in Movies 1–3).