Table 2.

Neonatal Complications Associated With Hyperglycemia During Pregnancy.^{15,59 -61}

	Short-term risks	Marker of enhanced long-term risk
Neonatal	Stillbirth/neonatal death	Metabolic syndrome
	Congenital malformations if hyperglycemia present in first trimester	Hyperinsulinemia
	Macrosomia	Childhood obesity
	Cardiomyopathy	Possible earlier-onset cardiovascular disease
	Birth trauma	Autism spectrum disorder
	Neonatal hypoglycemia
	Respiratory distress syndrome
	Hyperbilirubinemia