Table 3. Independent predictors of benzodiazepine prescribing, full model.
| OR estimates | |||
| Patient Characteristic | Point estimate | 95% Wald | |
| Confidence limits | |||
| Female vs male sex | 1.16 | 1.04 | 1.28 |
| Ages 18–29 vs 50–64 years | 0.75 | 0.66 | 0.85 |
| Ages 30–49 vs 50–64 years | 1.01 | 0.91 | 1.11 |
| Benzodiazepine prescribing | |||
| Past year BZD script (31-365 days prior) vs none in past year | 5.27 | 4.72 | 5.88 |
| Past month BZD script (1-30 days prior) vs none in past year | 21.09 | 18.84 | 23.61 |
| Mental health characteristics, prior year | |||
| Inpatient admission (excludes PNES diagnosis date) | |||
| Inpatient psychiatric admission | 0.91 | 0.75 | 1.10 |
| Inpatient non-psychiatric admissions | 0.86 | 0.76 | 0.96 |
| Any psychiatric diagnosis (excluding substance use disorder) | |||
| Depression | 0.96 | 0.87 | 1.06 |
| Anxiety disorder | 1.48 | 1.34 | 1.65 |
| Adjustment disorder | 0.96 | 0.85 | 1.08 |
| Acute stress disorder | 0.93 | 0.70 | 1.23 |
| Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder | 0.95 | 0.79 | 1.13 |
| Post-traumatic stress disorder | 1.06 | 0.94 | 1.19 |
| Schizophrenia | 1.00 | 0.77 | 1.31 |
| Bipolar disorder | 1.23 | 1.07 | 1.42 |
| Personality disorder | 0.94 | 0.76 | 1.16 |
| Other psychoses | 1.03 | 0.84 | 1.28 |
| Other episodic mood disorder | 1.13 | 0.95 | 1.34 |
| Obsessive-compulsive disorder | 1.22 | 0.98 | 1.53 |
| Conduct disorder | 1.02 | 0.73 | 1.42 |
| Eating disorder | 0.88 | 0.67 | 1.16 |
| Tic diagnosis | 0.88 | 0.58 | 1.32 |
| Sleep disorder | 0.99 | 0.89 | 1.10 |
| Suicidal ideation | 0.82 | 0.67 | 1.01 |
| Tobacco dependence | 1.06 | 0.94 | 1.21 |
| Any substance use disorder | 1.05 | 0.93 | 1.20 |
| Psychotropic medication (non-BZD) filled, prior year | |||
| Antidepressant | 1.14 | 1.03 | 1.27 |
| Stimulants | 1.10 | 0.93 | 1.31 |
| Hypnotic, other | 1.01 | 0.88 | 1.16 |
| Antipsychotic | 1.09 | 0.97 | 1.24 |
| Mood stabiliser, lithium | 1.10 | 0.98 | 1.23 |
| Hydroxyzine | 0.90 | 0.79 | 1.03 |
| Z-drug | 1.24 | 1.08 | 1.43 |
| Other medications filled, prior year | |||
| Opioid | 1.27 | 1.15 | 1.40 |
| Gabapentin, pregabalin | 0.90 | 0.81 | 1.01 |
| Other anticonvulsant | 1.17 | 1.04 | 1.31 |
| Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug | 1.00 | 0.90 | 1.10 |
| Beta-blocker | 1.11 | 1.00 | 1.24 |
| Skeletal muscle relaxant | 1.16 | 1.04 | 1.29 |
| Non-psychiatric clinical characteristics, prior year | |||
| Epilepsy | 1.10 | 0.99 | 1.23 |
| Sleep apnoea | 0.87 | 0.76 | 0.98 |
| Headache, migraine | 0.96 | 0.87 | 1.05 |
| Fatigue, malaise | 1.01 | 0.92 | 1.11 |
| Syncope, dizziness | 0.96 | 0.87 | 1.06 |
| Musculoskeletal pain (excluding low back) | 0.95 | 0.86 | 1.04 |
| Myalgia, fibromyalgia, myositis | 0.99 | 0.87 | 1.11 |
| Low back pain | 0.93 | 0.84 | 1.04 |
| Nervous system pain | 1.04 | 0.93 | 1.17 |
| Other, unspecified pain | 0.98 | 0.81 | 1.17 |
| Muscle spasm | 1.07 | 0.96 | 1.19 |
| Poisoning, adverse drug effect | 0.89 | 0.75 | 1.06 |
BZDbenzodiazepine