Table 1.
Patient Characteristics by Race a
| White (n = 8664) | Racial and Ethnic Minority (n = 1081) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 35.3 ± 13.7 | 37.1 ± 12.8 | <.001 |
| Female sex | 5092 (58.8) | 572 (52.9) | <.001 |
| Duration in hospital, min | 868 ± 666.7 | 937.8 ± 636.7 | .001 |
| OR time, min | 128.7 ± 60.3 | 138.2 ± 71.3 | <.001 |
| Method of anesthesia | <.001 | ||
| Other | 290 (3.3) | 76 (7) | |
| General | 4553 (52.6) | 510 (47.2) | |
| Regional | 3821 (44.1) | 495 (45.8) | |
| Discharge quarter | .006 | ||
| 1 | 3227 (25.2) | 270 (25) | |
| 2 | 3294 (25.8) | 281 (26) | |
| 3 | 2928 (22.9) | 281 (26) | |
| 4 | 3342 (26.1) | 249 (23) | |
| Median household income, state quartile for patient zip code | <.001 | ||
| 1 | 842 (9.7) | 324 (30) | |
| 2 | 1864 (21.5) | 218 (20.2) | |
| 3 | 2348 (27.1) | 244 (22.6) | |
| 4 | 3610 (41.7) | 295 (27.3) | |
| Race | <.001 | ||
| White | 8664 (100) | - | |
| Black | - | 446 (41.3) | |
| Hispanic | - | 508 (47.0) | |
| Asian or Pacific Islander | - | 119 (11) | |
| Native American | - | 8 (0.7) | |
| Hispanic ethnicity | <.001 | ||
| Not Hispanic | 6494 (100) | 553 (51.2) | |
| Hispanic, White | - | 212 (19.6) | |
| Hispanic, Black | - | 22 (2) | |
| Hispanic, unspecified race | - | 294 (27.2) | |
| Form of payment | <.001 | ||
| Medicare | 312 (3.6) | 49 (4.5) | |
| Medicaid | 546 (6.3) | 115 (10.6) | |
| Private insurance | 7070 (81.6) | 716 (66.2) | |
| Self-pay | 78 (0.9) | 13 (1.2) | |
| Other b | 658 (7.6) | 189 (17.5) | |
| Median household income quartile of residents in patients’ zip code | <.001 | ||
| 1 | 563 (6.5) | 284 (26.3) | |
| 2 | 1482 (17.1) | 190 (17.6) | |
| 3 | 1993 (23) | 208 (19.2) | |
| 4 | 4635 (53.5) | 399 (36.9) | |
| Patient location | <.001 | ||
| Noncore-based statistical area | 234 (2.7) | 3 (0.3) | |
| Micropolitan | 580 (6.7) | 21 (1.9) | |
| Metropolitan | 7841 (90.5) | 1057 (97.8) | |
| Patient location: NCHS urban-rural code | <.001 | ||
| 1. “Central” metropolitan, >1,000,000 residents | 2980 (34.4) | 690 (63.8) | |
| 2. “Fringe” metropolitan, >1,000,000 residents | 2504 (28.9) | 269 (24.9) | |
| 3. Metropolitan, 250,000-999,999 residents | 1906 (22) | 83 (7.7) | |
| 4. Metropolitan, 50,000-249,999 residents | 407 (4.7) | 21 (1.9) | |
| 5. Micropolitan | 615 (7.1) | 14 (1.3) | |
| 6. Not metropolitan or micropolitan | 260 (3) | 3 (0.3) | |
| Patient location: urban-rural designation for the patients’ county of residence | <.001 | ||
| 1. Large metropolitan area | 5623 (64.9) | 953 (88.2) | |
| 2. Small metropolitan area | 2218 (25.6) | 104 (9.6) | |
| 3. Micropolitan area | 589 (6.8) | 21 (1.9) | |
| 4. Not metropolitan or micropolitan | 243 (2.8) | 3 (0.3) |
a
Data are presented as mean ± SD or n (%). NCHS, National Center for Health Statistics; OR, operating room. Bold P values indicate significance. Dash indicates not applicable.
b
Coverage through Indian Health Services, veterans administration, correctional facilities, worker's compensation, and other local/state/federal government sponsored programs.