Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
Sadness induction results (N = 54) from two-tailed paired t-test. Participants rated the “Happy” and “Sad” items we appended to the PANAS mood questionnaire on a 5-point Likert scale from “Not at all” to “Very” happy or sad. Results were re-scaled to have range 10.
| Sadness induction results | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mood questionnaire item | Mean difference | t | p | df |
| Happiness | −1.48 | −4.66 | < 0.001 | 53 |
| Sadness | 1.85 | 6.21 | < 0.001 | 53 |
