TABLE 1.
Demographic, Clinical Characteristics, and Outcomes of Children Requiring Vasopressors While Receiving Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy Who Received Vasopressin Compared With Those Who Did Not
| Variable | All (n = 665) | No Vasopressin (n = 417) | Vasopressin (n = 248) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age, yr | 8.2 (1.5–14.9) | 7.0 (1.3–14.7) | 9.6 (2.1–15.3) | 0.14 |
| Sex, female (%) | 302 (45) | 186 (45) | 116 (47) | 0.59 |
| Admission weight, kg | 24 (11–53) | 22 (10–53) | 30 (12–53) | 0.14 |
| Admission diagnosis, n (%) | 0.15 | |||
| Shock/infection/major trauma | 271 (41) | 158 (38) | 113 (46) | |
| Respiratory failure | 150 (23) | 96 (23) | 54 (22) | |
| Post-surgical/minor trauma | 30 (4.5) | 17 (4.1) | 13 (5.2) | |
| Primary cardiac | 98 (15) | 63 (15) | 35 (14) | |
| Other | 116 (17) | 83 (20) | 33 (13) | |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | 0.58 | |||
| 0 | 118 (18) | 74 (18) | 44 (18) | |
| 1 | 328 (49) | 205 (49) | 123 (50) | |
| 2 | 140 (21) | 93 (22) | 47 (19) | |
| > 2 | 79 (12) | 45 (11) | 34 (14) | |
| Pediatric Risk of Mortality III | 15 (11–19) | 14 (10–19) | 16 (11–20) | 0.11 |
| Sepsis, n (%) | 343 (52) | 197 (47) | 146 (59) | 0.004 |
| CRRT initiation data | ||||
| Time from ICU admission to CRRT, d | 2 (1–7) | 2 (1–6) | 2 (1–9) | 0.24 |
| Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction -2 | 7 (4–9) | 6 (3–9) | 7 (4–10) | 0.002 |
| Receipt of vasopressors, n (%) | 526 (79) | 303 (73) | 223 (90) | < 0.001 |
| Pre-CRRT Vasoactive-Inotropic Score | 12 (3–30) | 8 (0–23) | 22 (10–39) | < 0.001 |
| Mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 635 (96) | 395 (95) | 240 (97) | 0.14 |
| %Fluid balance from ICU admission | 9 (3–21) | 8 (3–18) | 11 (5–26) | 0.003 |
| Urine output 24 hr prior, mL/kg/hr | 0.51 (0.13–1.2) | 0.52 (0.12–1.3) | 0.45 (0.13–1.1) | 0.39 |
| Time to first negative fluid balance, d | 1 (0–1) | 1 (0–1) | 1 (0–2) | 0.158 |
| Outcomes | ||||
| 28-d CRRT liberation status, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| Liberated | 195 (29) | 142 (34) | 53 (21) | |
| Liberation not attempted | 306 (46) | 172 (41) | 134 (54) | |
| Reinstituted | 164 (25) | 103 (25) | 61 (25) | |
| CRRT duration, d | 7 (4–16) | 7 (4–16) | 7 (3–16) | 0.27 |
| %Days 1–7 of CRRT requiring vasopressors | 75 (40–100) | 63 (38–100) | 100 (63–100) | < 0.001 |
| 28-d ventilator-free days | 0 (0–28) | 6 (0–28) | 0 (0–19) | < 0.001 |
| 28-d ICU-free days | 0 (0–3) | 0 (0–6) | 0 (0–0) | < 0.001 |
| In-hospital mortality, n (%) | 330 (50) | 185 (44) | 145 (58) | < 0.001 |
| Major Adverse Kidney Events at 90 d, n (%) | 473 (71) | 276 (68) | 197 (79) | 0.001 |
| 90-d mortality | 327 (49) | 185 (44) | 142 (57) | 0.001 |
| Persistent kidney dysfunction | 102 (15) | 63 (15) | 39 (16) | 0.83 |
| Renal replacement therapy dependence | 44 (7) | 28 (7) | 16 (6) | 0.89 |
CRRT = continuous renal replacement therapy.
The vasopressin group consisted of all patients who received vasopressin and/or norepinephrine/epinephrine, whereas the no vasopressin group consisted of patients receiving norepinephrine/epinephrine without vasopressin. Continuous variables are reported as median (interquartile range). p values were obtained using Pearson χ2 test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, or Fisher exact test, as appropriate.