Table 2. Model training parameters.

Name of parameter	Meaning	Setting
Pretraining weight	Initial weights of the model	YOLOv8n.pt
Optimizer	Parameter updating algorithm of the model	Adam
Image-size	Input image size of the model	640 × 640
lr0	Initial learning rate	0.01
Batch size	Batch size	16
Epoch	Training times of all training sets	200