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. 2024 Aug 5;39(36):e250. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2024.39.e250

Table 2. Molecular summary of infants diagnosed through whole genome sequencing.

No. Disease Gene Inheritance pattern Ref. seq. DNA change AA change Type of variant Zygosity Inheritance Classification Evidence Known or novel
Identified variants in genetically confirmed cases
1 CHARGE syndrome CHD7 AD NM_017780.3 c.2429_2430del p.(Ser810Cysfs*14) Frameshift Het De novo PV PVS1, PS2, PM2 Novel
2 CHARGE syndrome CHD7 AD NM_017780.3 c.2958-19C>G p.(?) Splicing Het De novo LPV PS2, PM2, PP3 Novel
3 Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 18, with or without epilepsy MED23 AR NM_004830.3 c.2996-1G>A p.(?) Splicing Het Paternal LPV PVS1_M, PM2, PM3 Novel
c.431_433del p.(Lys144del) In-frame Het Maternal VUS PM2, PM4 Novel
4 Ehlers-Danslos syndrome COL5A2 AD NM_000393.3 c.3039+2T>C p.(?) Splicing Het De novo PV PVS1_S, PS2, PM2 Novel
5 Kabuki syndrome KMT2D AD NM_003482.3 c.3103C>T p.(Gln1035*) Nonsense Het De novo PV PVS1, PS2, PM2 Novel
6 Lymphatic malformation 1 FLT4 AD NM_182925.4 c.2534T>C p.(Leu845Pro) Missense Het Maternal LPV PM1, PM2, PP1, PP3 Novel
7 CHARGE syndrome CHD7 AD NM_017780.3 c.8745dup p.(Leu2916Ilefs*25) Frameshift Het De novo PV PVS1, PS2, PM2 Novel
8 Epidermolysis bullosa simplex 1A, generalized severe; Epidermolysis bullosa simplex 1B, generalized intermediate; Epidermolysis bullosa simplex 1C, localized KRT14 AD NM_000526.4 c.377T>A p.(Leu126Gln) Missense Het De novo LPV PS2, PM2, PM5, PP3 Novel
9 Branchio-oto-renal syndrome EYA1 AD NC_000008.10(NM_000503.6) c.203-2100_419-1133delinsG (exon 5-6 deletion) p.(?) CNV Het Paternal LPV PM2, PM4, PP1, PP4 Known42
10 Godenhar syndrome; Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome CREBBP AD NM_004380.2 c.14dup p.(Leu5Phefs*22) Frameshift Het De novo PV PVS1, PS2, PM2 Novel
11 Neurodevelopmental disorder with neonatal respiratory insufficiency, hypotonia, and feeding difficulties PURA AD NM_005859.4 c.583del p.(Leu195Serfs*30) Frameshift Het De novo PV PVS1, PS2, PM2 Novel
12 Anterior segment dysgenesis 3, multiple subtypes; Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome, type 3 FOXC1 AD NC_000006.11 g.1596640_1655705delinsGAG (whole gene deletion) p.(?) CNV Het De novo PV PVS1, PS2, PM2 Novel
13 Polycystic kidney disease 4, with or without hepatic disease PKHD1 AR NM_138694.3 c.6840G>A p.(Trp2280*) Nonsense Het Paternal PV PVS1, PM2, PM3 Known43
c.8408G>A p.(Cys2803Tyr) Missense Het Maternal LPV PM2, PM3, PM5 Novel
14 Noonan syndrome 1 PTPN11 AD NM_002834.3 c.228G>C p.(Glu76Asp) Missense Het De novo PV PS2, PS3_M, PS4_M, PM2 Known44
15 Neurodevelopmental disorder with dysmorphic facies and skeletal and brain abnormalities HNRNPR AD NM_001102398.1 c.1609dup p.(Ala537Glyfs*10) Frameshift Het De novo PV PVS1, PS2, PM2 Known45
16 Thrombophilia 7 due to antithrombin III deficiency SERPINC1 AR NM_000488.3 c.235C>T p.(Arg79Cys) Missense Hom Paternal/Maternal PV PS3, PS4_M, PM2, PM5, PP4 Known46
17 Cornelia de Lange syndrome 1 NIPBL AD NM_133433.3 c.5808G>A r.5710_5808del Splicing Het De novo LPV PS2, PM2, PM4 Novel
p.(Lys1904_Val1936del)
18 Ciliary dyskinesia, primary, 40 DNAH9 AR NM_001372.3 c.12844-1G>C p.(?) Splicing Hom Paternal/Maternal LPV PS3, PVS1_M, PM3 Known47
19 CHARGE syndrome CHD7 AD NM_017780.3 c.5968C>T p.(Gln1990*) Nonsense Het De novo PV PVS1, PS2, PM3 Known48
20 Diets-Jongmans syndrome KDM3B AD NM_016604.3 c.1987G>C p.(Ala663Pro) Missense Het De novo LPV PS2, PM2 Novel
Novel candidate gene
21 No known Mendelian disease OLIG3 NA NM_175747.2 c.536_539dup p.(Val181Profs*162) Frameshift Hom Maternal isoUPD VUS NA Novel

AA = amino acid, AD = autosomal dominant, Het = heterozygous, PV = pathogenic variant, LPV = likely pathogenic variant, AR = autosomal recessive, VUS = variant of uncertain significance, CNV = copy number variant, Hom = homozygous, NA = not applicable, isoUPD = isouniparental disomy.