Table 2. Molecular summary of infants diagnosed through whole genome sequencing.
No. | Disease | Gene | Inheritance pattern | Ref. seq. | DNA change | AA change | Type of variant | Zygosity | Inheritance | Classification | Evidence | Known or novel | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Identified variants in genetically confirmed cases | |||||||||||||
1 | CHARGE syndrome | CHD7 | AD | NM_017780.3 | c.2429_2430del | p.(Ser810Cysfs*14) | Frameshift | Het | De novo | PV | PVS1, PS2, PM2 | Novel | |
2 | CHARGE syndrome | CHD7 | AD | NM_017780.3 | c.2958-19C>G | p.(?) | Splicing | Het | De novo | LPV | PS2, PM2, PP3 | Novel | |
3 | Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 18, with or without epilepsy | MED23 | AR | NM_004830.3 | c.2996-1G>A | p.(?) | Splicing | Het | Paternal | LPV | PVS1_M, PM2, PM3 | Novel | |
c.431_433del | p.(Lys144del) | In-frame | Het | Maternal | VUS | PM2, PM4 | Novel | ||||||
4 | Ehlers-Danslos syndrome | COL5A2 | AD | NM_000393.3 | c.3039+2T>C | p.(?) | Splicing | Het | De novo | PV | PVS1_S, PS2, PM2 | Novel | |
5 | Kabuki syndrome | KMT2D | AD | NM_003482.3 | c.3103C>T | p.(Gln1035*) | Nonsense | Het | De novo | PV | PVS1, PS2, PM2 | Novel | |
6 | Lymphatic malformation 1 | FLT4 | AD | NM_182925.4 | c.2534T>C | p.(Leu845Pro) | Missense | Het | Maternal | LPV | PM1, PM2, PP1, PP3 | Novel | |
7 | CHARGE syndrome | CHD7 | AD | NM_017780.3 | c.8745dup | p.(Leu2916Ilefs*25) | Frameshift | Het | De novo | PV | PVS1, PS2, PM2 | Novel | |
8 | Epidermolysis bullosa simplex 1A, generalized severe; Epidermolysis bullosa simplex 1B, generalized intermediate; Epidermolysis bullosa simplex 1C, localized | KRT14 | AD | NM_000526.4 | c.377T>A | p.(Leu126Gln) | Missense | Het | De novo | LPV | PS2, PM2, PM5, PP3 | Novel | |
9 | Branchio-oto-renal syndrome | EYA1 | AD | NC_000008.10(NM_000503.6) | c.203-2100_419-1133delinsG (exon 5-6 deletion) | p.(?) | CNV | Het | Paternal | LPV | PM2, PM4, PP1, PP4 | Known42 | |
10 | Godenhar syndrome; Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome | CREBBP | AD | NM_004380.2 | c.14dup | p.(Leu5Phefs*22) | Frameshift | Het | De novo | PV | PVS1, PS2, PM2 | Novel | |
11 | Neurodevelopmental disorder with neonatal respiratory insufficiency, hypotonia, and feeding difficulties | PURA | AD | NM_005859.4 | c.583del | p.(Leu195Serfs*30) | Frameshift | Het | De novo | PV | PVS1, PS2, PM2 | Novel | |
12 | Anterior segment dysgenesis 3, multiple subtypes; Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome, type 3 | FOXC1 | AD | NC_000006.11 | g.1596640_1655705delinsGAG (whole gene deletion) | p.(?) | CNV | Het | De novo | PV | PVS1, PS2, PM2 | Novel | |
13 | Polycystic kidney disease 4, with or without hepatic disease | PKHD1 | AR | NM_138694.3 | c.6840G>A | p.(Trp2280*) | Nonsense | Het | Paternal | PV | PVS1, PM2, PM3 | Known43 | |
c.8408G>A | p.(Cys2803Tyr) | Missense | Het | Maternal | LPV | PM2, PM3, PM5 | Novel | ||||||
14 | Noonan syndrome 1 | PTPN11 | AD | NM_002834.3 | c.228G>C | p.(Glu76Asp) | Missense | Het | De novo | PV | PS2, PS3_M, PS4_M, PM2 | Known44 | |
15 | Neurodevelopmental disorder with dysmorphic facies and skeletal and brain abnormalities | HNRNPR | AD | NM_001102398.1 | c.1609dup | p.(Ala537Glyfs*10) | Frameshift | Het | De novo | PV | PVS1, PS2, PM2 | Known45 | |
16 | Thrombophilia 7 due to antithrombin III deficiency | SERPINC1 | AR | NM_000488.3 | c.235C>T | p.(Arg79Cys) | Missense | Hom | Paternal/Maternal | PV | PS3, PS4_M, PM2, PM5, PP4 | Known46 | |
17 | Cornelia de Lange syndrome 1 | NIPBL | AD | NM_133433.3 | c.5808G>A | r.5710_5808del | Splicing | Het | De novo | LPV | PS2, PM2, PM4 | Novel | |
p.(Lys1904_Val1936del) | |||||||||||||
18 | Ciliary dyskinesia, primary, 40 | DNAH9 | AR | NM_001372.3 | c.12844-1G>C | p.(?) | Splicing | Hom | Paternal/Maternal | LPV | PS3, PVS1_M, PM3 | Known47 | |
19 | CHARGE syndrome | CHD7 | AD | NM_017780.3 | c.5968C>T | p.(Gln1990*) | Nonsense | Het | De novo | PV | PVS1, PS2, PM3 | Known48 | |
20 | Diets-Jongmans syndrome | KDM3B | AD | NM_016604.3 | c.1987G>C | p.(Ala663Pro) | Missense | Het | De novo | LPV | PS2, PM2 | Novel | |
Novel candidate gene | |||||||||||||
21 | No known Mendelian disease | OLIG3 | NA | NM_175747.2 | c.536_539dup | p.(Val181Profs*162) | Frameshift | Hom | Maternal isoUPD | VUS | NA | Novel |
AA = amino acid, AD = autosomal dominant, Het = heterozygous, PV = pathogenic variant, LPV = likely pathogenic variant, AR = autosomal recessive, VUS = variant of uncertain significance, CNV = copy number variant, Hom = homozygous, NA = not applicable, isoUPD = isouniparental disomy.