Table 3.
Means, standard deviations and main effects for primary, secondary, and additional outcomes for the B2S (n = 74) and TAU (n = 78) group
| Group | Pre | Post | 3FU | Time | Time-by-group | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M (SD) [valid n] | M (SD) [valid n] | M (SD) [valid n] | F, P (Cohen’s d) | F, P (Cohen’s d) | ||
|
School Attendance – Hours, Two weeks (%) |
B2S | 29.80 (27.24) [74] | 43.91 (33.10) [65] | 57.53 (37.31) [54] | 26.96, < 0.001 (1.14) | 2.61, 0.108 (0.26) |
| TAU | 35.01 (29.45) [68] | 35.64 (35.16) [56] | 46.03 (37.18) [53] | 9.41, 0.003 (0.75) | ||
|
School Attendance – Days, Two weeks (%) |
B2S | 63.11 (32.94) [74] | 74.73 (27.76) [74] | 73.19 (31.26) [72] | 9.85, 0.002 (0.51) | 0.14, 0.709 (0.04) |
| TAU | 56.15 (33.74) [78] | 65.75 (34.68) [73] | 70.29 (34.97) [70] | 12.44, < 0.001 (0.58) | ||
| SDQ—Total | B2S | 14.61 (6.49) [61] | 11.98 (6.82) [43] | 10.22 (5.78) [41] | 32.28, < 0.001 (1.55) | 12.57, < 0.001 (0.69) |
| TAU | 14.52 (6.12) [58] | 12.56 (5.73) [39] | 12.81 (6.72) [37] | 1.24, 0.271 (0.31) | ||
| Emotional symptoms | B2S | 5.57 (2.72) [61] | 3.95 (2.97) [43] | 3.51 (2.28) [41] | 45.84, < 0.001 (1.79) | 10.94, 0.001 (0.63) |
| TAU | 5.14 (2.60) [58] | 4.15 (2.39) [39] | 4.22 (2.86) [37] | 3.53, 0.066 (0.52) | ||
| Conduct problems | B2S | 2.02 (1.81) [61] | 1.63 (1.51) [43] | 1.32 (1.51) [41] | 5.82, 0.018 (0.50) | 0.19, 0.662 (0.07) |
| TAU | 2.02 (1.73) [58] | 1.59 (1.39) [39] | 1.41 (1.59) [37] | 6.16, 0.015 (0.56) | ||
| Hyperactivity/Inattention | B2S | 4.34 (2.73) [61] | 4.09 (2.88) [43] | 3.61 (2.31) [41] | 12.65, < 0.001 (0.76) | 2.34, 0.128 (0.28) |
| TAU | 4.90 (2.55) [58] | 4.23 (2.28) [39] | 4.30 (2.46) [37] | 1.00, 0.319 (0.22) | ||
| Problems with peers | B2S | 2.67 (1.94) [61] | 2.30 (1.87) [43] | 1.78 (1.54) [41] | 11.16, 0.001 (0.87) | 13.69, < 0.001 (0.71) |
| TAU | 2.47 (1.94) [58] | 2.59 (1.93) [39] | 2.89 (2.18) [37] | 4.20, 0.045 (0.57) | ||
| Prosocial Behavior | B2S | 7.61 (1.46) [61] | 7.84 (2.09) [43] | 8.20 (1.47) [41] | 3.79, 0.054 (0.41) | 0.64, 0.425 (0.12) |
| TAU | 7.26 (2.07) [58] | 7.38 (1.84) [39] | 7.38 (1.72) [37] | 0.34, 0.559 (0.13) | ||
| Impact | B2S | 2.90 (3.02) [61] | 2.21 (2.52) [43] | 1.10 (1.62) [41] | 14.94, < 0.001 (0.77) | 6.94, 0.009 (0.39) |
| TAU | 2.69 (2.80) [58] | 1.67 (1.83) [39] | 2.59 (3.00) [37] | 0.19, 0.661 (0.10) | ||
| SDQ-P—Total | B2S | 16.49 (5.52) [74] | 12.85 (6.23) [65] | 11.56 (6.32) [57] | 62.04, < 0.001 (1.83) | 9.11, 0.003 (0.49) |
| TAU | 15.19 (5.96) [78] | 12.81 (5.49) [59] | 12.45 (6.05) [53] | 13.24, < 0.001 (0.85) | ||
| Emotional symptoms | B2S | 6.73 (2.50) [74] | 4.80 (2.67) [65] | 4.40 (2.28) [57] | 72.22, < 0.001 (1.51) | 4.18, 0.042 (0.26) |
| TAU | 6.32 (2.46) [78] | 5.05 (2.53) [59] | 4.53 (2.64) [53] | 29.40, < 0.001 (0.98) | ||
| Conduct problems | B2S | 2.38 (1.89) [74] | 1.77 (1.78) [65] | 1.51 (1.72) [57] | 26.71, < 0.001 (0.91) | 6.12, 0.014 (0.32) |
| TAU | 1.95 (1.92) [78] | 1.54 (1.59) [59] | 1.53 (1.51) [53] | 3.04, 0.084 (0.33) | ||
| Hyperactivity/Inattention | B2S | 4.27 (2.53) [74] | 4.09 (2.47) [65] | 3.37 (2.44) [57] | 11.70, < 0.001 (0.60) | 3.14, 0.078 (0.23) |
| TAU | 4.17 (2.49) [78] | 3.80 (2.41) [59] | 4.00 (2.67) [53] | 0.93, 0.336 (0.18) | ||
| Problems with peers | B2S | 3.11 (2.06) [74] | 2.18 (1.70) [65] | 2.28 (1.92) [57] | 15.82, < 0.001 (0.69) | 4.03, 0.046 (0.26) |
| TAU | 2.76 (1.90) [78] | 2.42 (1.73) [59] | 2.40 (2.12) [53] | 0.97, 0.328 (0.25) | ||
| Prosocial Behavior | B2S | 7.26 (2.28) [74] | 7.45 (2.31) [65] | 7.60 (2.12) [57] | 1.90, 0.170 (0.25) | 0.50, 0.480, (0.09) |
| TAU | 7.41 (1.98) [78] | 7.47 (2.03) [59] | 7.45 (2.01) [53] | 0.22, 0.640 (0.09) | ||
| Impact | B2S | 4.93 (3.08) [74] | 3.62 (3.30) [65] | 2.88 (2.89) [57] | 27.44, < 0.001 (1.21) | 5.61, 0.019 (0.39) |
| TAU | 4.71 (2.92) [78] | 3.86 (2.75) [58] | 4.06 (3.37) [53] | 3.74, 0.057 (0.46) | ||
| SEQ-SS—Total | B2S | 38.73 (9.41) [74] | 43.19 (8.64) [53] | 43.80 (9.08) [51] | 36.44, < 0.001 (1.39) | 7.63, 0.006 (0.46) |
| TAU | 39.94 (9.14) [78] | 40.35 (9.02) [49] | 40.79 (9.91) [48] | 0.66, 0.420 (0.19) | ||
| Academic/Social stress | B2S | 18.81 (5.12) [74] | 21.51 (4.45) [53] | 21.92 (4.74) [51] | 38.43, < 0.001 (1.17) | 8.14, 0.005 (0.38) |
| TAU | 19.28 (4.99) [78] | 19.82 (5.05) [49] | 20.06 (6.13) [48] | 2.53, 0.115 (0.30) | ||
| Separation/Discipline stress | B2S | 19.92 (5.75) [74] | 21.68 (5.39) [53] | 21.88 (5.67) [51] | 16.96, < 0.001 (0.78) | 4.88, 0.028 (0.29) |
| TAU | 20.65 (5.45) [78] | 20.53 (5.01) [49] | 20.73 (4.95) [48] | 0.13, 0.715 (0.07) | ||
| SEQ-RSAP | B2S | 37.23 (6.26) [74] | 41.77 (5.81) [65] | 43.42 (6.23) [57] | 58.54, < 0.001 (1.65) | 11.53, < 0.001 (0.53) |
| TAU | 38.97 (5.62) [78] | 40.79 (6.26) [58] | 41.25 (5.56) [53] | 8.10, 0.006 (0.65) |
B2S Back2School, TAU Treatment As Usual, Pre Pre assessment, Post Post assessment, 3FU 3 month follow-up