Table 3.1.

New castle Ottawa Scale for quality assessment of cohort studies.

Study ID	Agunbiade et al. (2022) 34	Hazra et al. (2022)	Merad et al. (2022) 27	Morales et al. (2023) 18	Payne et al. (2022) 32	Sagy et al. (2023) 17	Thy et al. (2023) 35
Representativeness of the exposed cohort
Selection of the non exposed cohort	★	★	★	★	★	★	★
Ascertainment of exposure	★	★	★	★	★	★	★
Demonstration that outcome of interest was not present at start of study	★	★	★	★	★	★	★
Comparability of cohorts on the basis of the design or analysis			★★	★	★	★★	★★
Assessment of outcome	★	★	★	★	★	★	★
Was follow‐up long enough for outcomes to occur	★	★	★	★	★	★	★
Adequacy of follow up of cohorts	★	★	★	★	★	★	★