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. 2024 Sep 9;10:e51653. doi: 10.2196/51653

Table 2.

Social isolation and sociodemographic characteristics in each phase.

Sociodemographic indexes Phase 1, n (%) Phase 2, n (%) Phase 3, n (%)

Total With social isolation Without social isolation Total With social isolation Without social isolation Total With social isolation Without social isolation
Overall 3892 (100) 2316 (59.51) 1576 (40.49) 3892 (100) 2429 (62.41) 1463 (37.59) 3892 (100) 2469 (63.44) 1423 (36.56)
Sex

Male 2079 (100) 1313 (63.15) 766 (36.84) 2079 (100) 1362 (65.51) 717 (34.49) 2079 (100) 1387 (66.71) 692 (33.29)

Female 1813 (100) 1003 (55.32) 810 (44.7) 1813 (100) 1067 (58.85) 746 (41.15) 1813 (100) 1082 (59.68) 731 (40.32)
Age (y)

18-29 273 (100) 134 (49.08) 139 (50.92) 224 (100) 132 (58.93) 92 (41.07) 186 (100) 102 (54.84) 84 (45.16)

30-49 1575 (100) 954 (60.57) 621 (39.43) 1514 (100) 966 (63.80) 548 (36.20) 1448 (100) 921 (63.60) 527 (36.39)

50-64 1395 (100) 885 (63.44) 510 (36.56) 1454 (100) 956 (65.75) 498 (34.25) 1510 (100) 1035 (68.54) 475 (31.46)

≥65 649 (100) 343 (52.85) 306 (47.15) 700 (100) 375 (53.57) 325 (46.43) 748 (100) 411 (54.95) 337 (45.05)
Occupation

Employed 2693 (100) 1607 (59.67) 1086 (40.33) 2677 (100) 1682 (62.83) 995 (37.17) 2693 (100) 1728 (64.17) 965 (35.83)

Homemaker 585 (100) 308 (52.65) 277 (47.35) 594 (100) 321 (54.04) 273 (45.96) 566 (100) 301 (53.18) 265 (46.82)

Student 46 (100) 21 (45.65) 25 (54.35) 27 (100) 12 (44.44) 15 (55.56) 19 (100) 10 (52.63) 9 (47.37)

Unemployed 443 (100) 294 (66.37) 149 (33.63) 480 (100) 328 (68.33) 152 (31.67) 564 (100) 395 (70.04) 169 (29.96)

Other 125 (100) 86 (68.80) 39 (31.20) 114 (100) 86 (75.44) 28 (24.56) 50 (100) 35 (70) 15 (30)
Marital status

Married 2489 (100) 1334 (53.60) 1155 (46.40) 2500 (100) 1403 (56.12) 1097 (43.88) 2490 (100) 1437 (57.71) 1053 (42.29)

Unmarried 1403 (100) 982 (69.99) 421 (30.01) 1392 (100) 1026 (73.71) 366 (26.29) 1402 (100) 1032 (73.61) 370 (26.39)
The presence of child

Yes 2175 (100) 1128 (51.86) 1047 (48.14) 2226 (100) 1199 (53.86) 1027 (46.14) 2224 (100) 1230 (55.3) 994 (44.7)

No 1717 (100) 1188 (69.19) 529 (30.81) 1666 (100) 1230 (73.83) 436 (26.17) 1668 (100) 1239 (74.28) 429 (25.72)
The number of cohabitants

0 a 467 (100) 353 (75.59) 114 (24.41) 635 (100) 488 (76.85) 147 (23.15)

1 1212 (100) 829 (68.40) 383 (31.60) 1156 (100) 775 (67.04) 381 (32.96)

2 1003 (100) 628 (62.61) 375 (37.39) 949 (100) 609 (64.17) 340 (35.83)

3 753 (100) 405 (53.78) 348 (46.22) 742 (100) 409 (55.12) 333 (44.88)

4 332 (100) 160 (48.19) 172 (51.81) 303 (100) 143 (47.19) 160 (52.81)

≥5 125 (100) 54 (43.20) 71 (56.80) 107 (100) 45 (42.06) 62 (57.94)
Annual household income (in million; JPYb)

<2.0 223 (100) 183 (82.06) 40 (17.94) 247 (100) 195 (78.95) 52 (21.05) 333 (100) 262 (78.68) 71 (21.32)

2.0-3.9 737 (100) 498 (67.57) 239 (32.43) 765 (100) 544 (71.11) 221 (28.89) 756 (100) 539 (71.30) 217 (28.70)

4.0-5.9 775 (100) 461 (59.48) 314 (40.52) 802 (100) 479 (59.73) 323 (40.27) 754 (100) 478 (63.40) 276 (36.60)

6.0-7.9 525 (100) 305 (58.10) 220 (41.90) 515 (100) 317 (61.55) 198 (38.45) 517 (100) 309 (59.77) 208 (40.23)

≥8.0 819 (100) 394 (48.11) 425 (51.89) 821 (100) 428 (52.13) 393 (47.87) 846 (100) 437 (51.65) 409 (48.35)

aNot available.

b1 JPY=US $0.0093.