Table 1.
CIT versus Non-CIT Group Differences in Scales Measuring the Six Key Constructs
| CIT Officers | Non-CIT Officers | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Range | N | M | SD | N | M | SD | t | p | d |
| Knowledge about mental illnesses | ||||||||||
| Knowledge (% correct) | 0–100 | 251 | 59 | 15 | 335 | 54 | 15 | 4.32 | <.001 | .36 |
| Attitudes about mental illnesses and their treatments | ||||||||||
| Opinions about mental illnesses | 1–6 | 249 | 4.24 | .45 | 331 | 4.01 | .40 | 6.44 | <.001 | .54 |
| AQ Personal responsibility-P | 1–9 | 249 | 2.54 | 1.30 | 332 | 2.96 | 1.49 | −3.48 | .001 | −.29 |
| AQ Personal responsibility-S | 1–9 | 251 | 4.89 | 1.81 | 333 | 5.31 | 1.74 | −2.88 | .004 | −.24 |
| AQ Pity-P | 1–9 | 249 | 6.35 | 1.72 | 331 | 5.71 | 1.82 | 4.23 | <.001 | .36 |
| AQ Pity-S | 1–9 | 250 | 5.91 | 1.74 | 333 | 5.57 | 1.78 | 2.28 | .023 | .19 |
| AQ Anger-P | 1–9 | 249 | 3.29 | 1.73 | 331 | 3.58 | 1.74 | −2.02 | .043 | −.17 |
| AQ Anger-S | 1–9 | 251 | 3.13 | 1.66 | 333 | 3.54 | 1.79 | −2.80 | .005 | −.23 |
| AQ Fear-P | 1–9 | 249 | 4.71 | 1.73 | 331 | 5.27 | 1.80 | −3.76 | <.001 | −.32 |
| AQ Fear-S | 1–9 | 251 | 4.25 | 1.63 | 333 | 4.55 | 1.63 | −2.16 | .031 | −.18 |
| AQ Help-P | 1–9 | 250 | 3.48 | 1.39 | 331 | 2.89 | 1.20 | 5.46 | <.001 | .46 |
| AQ Help-S | 1–9 | 251 | 4.99 | 1.80 | 333 | 4.62 | 1.69 | 2.52 | .012 | .21 |
| AQ Coercion-segregation-P | 1–9 | 249 | 4.77 | 1.76 | 332 | 5.62 | 1.64 | −6.02 | <.001 | −.51 |
| AQ Coercion-segregation-S | 1–9 | 251 | 3.06 | 1.56 | 333 | 3.42 | 1.58 | −2.73 | .006 | −.23 |
| RCDS External control-P | 1–9 | 250 | 4.59 | 1.69 | 332 | 4.48 | 1.55 | .76 | .45 | .06 |
| RCDS External control-S | 1–9 | 251 | 4.73 | 1.64 | 333 | 4.60 | 1.63 | .90 | .37 | .08 |
| RCDS Personal control-P | 1–9 | 250 | 3.50 | 1.61 | 332 | 3.64 | 1.71 | −1.04 | .30 | −.09 |
| RCDS Personal control-S | 1–9 | 251 | 5.99 | 1.77 | 333 | 6.14 | 1.79 | −1.00 | .32 | −.08 |
| Self-efficacy | ||||||||||
| Self-efficacy-P | 1–4 | 250 | 3.34 | .44 | 332 | 3.05 | .46 | 7.68 | <.001 | .64 |
| Self-efficacy-S | 1–4 | 251 | 3.46 | .42 | 333 | 3.31 | .40 | 4.32 | <.001 | .36 |
| Stigma | ||||||||||
| Social distance-P | 1–4 | 250 | 2.43 | .67 | 331 | 2.72 | .65 | −5.20 | <.001 | −.44 |
| Social distance-S | 1–4 | 251 | 2.09 | .68 | 333 | 2.29 | .65 | −3.66 | <.001 | −.31 |
| Stigmatizing attitudes-P | 0–9 | 250 | 4.82 | .84 | 330 | 4.92 | .93 | −1.34 | .18 | −.11 |
| Stigmatizing attitudes-S | 0–9 | 244 | 4.65 | .92 | 327 | 4.63 | .96 | .26 | .80 | .02 |
| De-escalation skills | ||||||||||
| De-escalation skills-P | 1–4 | 249 | 3.20 | .36 | 332 | 2.97 | .31 | 8.45 | <.001 | .71 |
| De-escalation skills-S | 1–4 | 251 | 3.18 | .32 | 333 | 3.05 | .31 | 4.92 | <.001 | .41 |
| Referral decisions | ||||||||||
| Referral decisions-P | 1–4 | 249 | 3.46 | .37 | 332 | 3.24 | .39 | 6.78 | <.001 | .57 |
| Referral decisions-S | 1–4 | 251 | 3.49 | .36 | 333 | 3.33 | .37 | 5.30 | <.001 | .44 |
Note. Variables suffixed with “P” derive from the psychosis vignette and with “S” from the suicidality vignette. Cohen’s d is the standardized difference between the means. AQ=Attribution Questionnaire; RCDS=Revised Causal Dimensions Scale.