Table 1. COMBO Electronic Health Record Cohort Characteristicsa.
| Variable | Overall sample, No. (%) (N = 1664) | Born before vs during pandemic | SARS-CoV-2 unexposed vs exposed | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participants, No. (%) | Test statistic | P value | Participants, No. (%) | Test statistic | P value | ||||
| Before pandemic (n = 442) | During pandemic (n = 1222) | Unexposed (n = 997) | Exposed (n = 130) | ||||||
| Maternal characteristics | |||||||||
| Age at delivery, median (range), y | 30 (16-56) | 31 (16-56) | 30 (17-55) | 296 990b | .002 | 30 (17-55) | 28 (17-43) | 70 947b | .08 |
| Insurance | |||||||||
| Commercial | 419 (25.18) | 167 (37.78) | 252 (20.62) | 49.83c | <.001 | 213 (21.36) | 24 (18.46) | 0.42c | .52 |
| Medicaid | 1245 (74.82) | 275 (62.22) | 970 (79.38) | 784 (78.64) | 106 (81.54) | ||||
| Raced | |||||||||
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 8 (0.48) | 2 (0.45) | 6 (0.49) | 3 (0.30) | 1 (0.77) | ||||
| Asian | 65 (3.91) | 30 (6.79) | 35 (2.86) | 597.91c | <.001 | 33 (3.31) | 2 (1.54) | 8.63c | .12 |
| Black or African American | 266 (15.99) | 71 (16.06) | 195 (15.96) | 166 (16.65) | 18 (13.85) | ||||
| Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| White | 400 (24.04) | 156 (35.29) | 244 (19.97) | 200 (20.06) | 21 (16.15) | ||||
| Other combinations not described | 608 (36.54) | 30 (6.79) | 578 (47.30) | 460 (46.14) | 76 (58.46) | ||||
| Declined | 180 (10.82) | 16 (3.62) | 164 (13.42) | 135 (13.54) | 12 (9.23) | ||||
| Unknown | 137 (8.23) | 137 (31.00) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Ethnicity | |||||||||
| Hispanic or Latino/a/x or Spanish | 991 (59.56) | 144 (32.58) | 847 (69.31) | 596.41c | <.001 | 669 (67.10) | 105 (80.77) | 12.31c | .002 |
| Not Hispanic or Latino/a/x or Spanish | 398 (23.92) | 114 (25.79) | 284 (23.24) | 247 (24.77) | 23 (17.69) | ||||
| Declined | 95 (5.71) | 4 (0.90) | 91 (7.45) | 81 (8.12) | 2 (1.54) | ||||
| Unknown | 180 (10.82) | 180 (40.72) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Infant characteristics | |||||||||
| Age at M-CHAT-R, median (range), mo | 23.15 (16.03-30.00) | 24.48 (16.26-30.00) | 21.42 (16.03-30.00) | 383 466b | <.001 | 21.42 (16.03-30.00) | 23.36 (16.13-28.65) | 57 762b | .04 |
| Gestational age at birth, median (range), wk | 39.00 (23.00-41.57) | 39.00 (23.00-41.29) | 39.14 (23.86-41.57) | 249 410b | .02 | 39.14 (24.14-41.57) | 39.00 (24.71-41.29) | 68 099b | .35 |
| Preterm birth (<37 wk) | 204 (12.26) | 43 (9.73) | 161 (13.18) | 3.27c | .07 | 125 (12.54) | 20 (15.38) | 0.60c | .44 |
| Sex | |||||||||
| Female | 784 (47.12) | 184 (41.63) | 600 (49.10) | 6.97c | .01 | 490 (49.15) | 65 (50.00) | 0.01c | .93 |
| Male | 880 (52.88) | 258 (58.37) | 622 (50.90) | 507 (50.85) | 65 (50.00) | ||||
a
All statistical tests were 2-sided.
b
Mann-Whitney U test (U) for continuous variables.
c
Comparisons performed using χ2 test for categorical variables.
d
Maternal race categories are drawn verbatim from electronic health records.