Impact of remdesivir on clinical outcomes according to viral load subgroups. Forest plots illustrate subgroup analyses of Cox models to evaluate for a differential effect of remdesivir on (A) recovery and (B) mortality based on baseline viral load or presence of antispike antibodies. Viral load measurements were dichotomized at median values per assay: 2.39 log10 pg/mL (245 pg/mL) for serum nucleocapsid, 2.09 log10 copies/mL (123 copies/mL) for plasma RNA, and 3.41 log10 copies/mL (2570 copies/mL) for upper respiratory RNA. P values for treatment interaction are shown. HR, hazard ratio; PLC, placebo; RDV, remdesivir; RRR, recovery rate ratio.