Figure 4.

Computational assessment of trapping potentials: (a) Distribution profiles of the electric field for the HE₁ mode across various cross-sectional planes. (b) Mapping of optical trapping potentials along different trajectories, as identified in panel (a). It is calculated by integrating the optical trapping forces (F_x, F_y, F_z) in (c), which are derived from Maxwell’s stress tensor. (d) Associated potential well stiffness (k_x, k_y, k_z) exerted on the quantum dot, ascertained from the calculated force distributions.