(A) Initial algorithm and (B) final, optimized claims-based algorithm for bladder cancer staging at diagnosis. aTherapeutic radiation refers to ≥14 radiation treatments within 120 days before/after first systemic therapy date on or after index BC diagnosis; bSecondary malignancy diagnosis with ≥1 inpatient claim or ≥2 outpatient claims with a secondary malignancy on separate days (first claim to be within 1 month of initial BC diagnosis and second claim to be any time after); cNA, not applicable as patients did not meet the algorithm criteria. BC, bladder cancer; BCG, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin; la/mUC, locally advanced/metastatic urothelial carcinoma; MIBC, muscle-invasive bladder cancer; NA, not applicable; NMIBC, non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer; TBD, to be determined; TURBT, transurethral resection of bladder tumor.