Table 1.
Baseline variables
| Neuromodulators and/or prokinetics (n = 123) | Neuromodulators (n = 50) | Prokinetics (n = 52) | |
| Baseline variables | |||
| Age | 44 (34–54) | 41.5 (31.8–51.0) | 47.0 (37.0–56.3) |
| Female | 98 (79.7%) | 40 (80.0%) | 44 (84.6%) |
| BMI | 26.6 (22.2–31.5) | 25.6 (21.2–31.4) | 27.8 (23.0–31.3) |
| Marijuana | 10 (8.1%) | 2 (4.0%) | 6 (11.5%) |
| Opioids | 14 (11.4%) | 7 (14.0%) | 4 (7.7%) |
| Laxatives | 44 (35.8%) | 17 (34.0%) | 15 (28.9%) |
| Antiemetics | 15 (12.2%) | 3 (6.0%) | 9 (17.3%) |
| Gastroparesis diet | 44 (35.8%) | 12 (24.0%) | 26 (50.0%) |
| Delayed GES | 32 (26.0%) | 4 (8%) | 22 (42.3%) |
| Delayed GET | 52 (42.3%) | 6 (12.0%) | 35 (67.3%) |
| GES % retention at 4 hr | 3 (1–11) | 1 (1–4) | 5.1 (2.8–21.8) |
| GES % retention at 2 hr | 33 (18.2–52.5) | 26.5 (13.3–37.8) | 41.5 (27.8–58.3) |
| GET | 4.4 (3.3–6.7) | 3.5 (2.9–4.4) | 6.5 (4.4–18.5) |
| Small bowel transit time (hr) | 4.71 (3.54–5.87) | 4.5 (4.0–5.4) | 4.9 (3.5–6.5) |
| Colonic transit time (hr) | 37.69 (17.1–68.0) | 30.0 (17.1–55.9) | 43.5 (19.4–70.0) |
| No. of antral contractions | 45.5 (24.0–87.3) | 50.0 (26.5–88.5) | 46.0 (29.0–93.8) |
| Antral motility index | 11.3 (10.1–12.6) | 11.3 (10.1–12.7) | 11.4 (10.2–12.7) |
| No. of duodenal contractions | 104 (46–166) | 126.5 (58.5–175.0) | 86.0 (42.5–159.5) |
| Duodenal motility index | 12.4 (11.0–13.6) | 12.8 (11.1–13.7) | 12.3 (10.5–13.6) |
| Infectious prodrome | 15 (12.2%) | 7 (14.0%) | 5 (9.6%) |
| Duration of GP symptoms (mo) | 36 (21–84) | 36 (24–72) | 36 (24–84) |
| Diabetes | 33 (26.8%) | 10 (20.0%) | 34 (65.4%) |
| Bristol stool form scale | 4 (2–6) | 4 (2–6) | 4 (2–5.3) |
| Functional bowel disorder | 96 (78.1%) | 39 (78.0%) | 41 (78.9%) |
| Constipation | 40 (32.5%) | 15 (30%) | 21 (40.4%) |
| Functional dyspepsia | 89 (72.4%) | 35 (70.0%) | 39 (75%) |
| Nausea vomiting and belching | 75 (61.0%) | 31 (62.0%) | 32 (61.5%) |
| Baseline GCSI | 2.81 (2.17–3.23) | 2.81 (2.23–3.1) | 2.79 (2.13–3.23) |
| Nausea/vomiting subscore | 1.33 (0.67–2.83) | 1.33 (0.67–2.00) | 1.5 (0.67–3.00) |
| Bloating/distention subscore | 3.50 (2.25–4.00) | 3.50 (3.00–4.00) | 3.00 (2.00–4.00) |
| Fullness/satiety subscore | 3.25 (2.75–4.00) | 3.25 (2.50–4.00) | 3.50 (2.75–4.00) |
| Upper abdominal pain subscore | 3.00 (2.00–4.00) | 3.00 (1.65–4.00) | 3.00 (1.50–4.00) |
Baseline variables for those who received neuromodulators or prokinetics, neuromodulators without prokinetics, and prokinetics without neuromodulators. Continuous variables are expressed as median (interquartile range).
BMI, body mass index; GCSI, Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index; GES, gastric emptying scintigraphy; GET, gastric emptying time; GP, gastroparesis.