Table 2. Multiple regression model correlating symptoms, signs, and endoscopic findings to the severity of liver cirrhosis (Child-Pugh score).
AOR - adjusted odds ratio; GAVE - gastric antral vascular ectasia; LES - low esophageal sphincter; PHG - portal hypertensive gastropathy; UAOR - unadjusted odds ratio; *significant p-value
| Variable | Frequency (%) n = 145 | UAOR (95% CI) | p-value | AOR (95% CI) | p-value |
| Symptoms | |||||
| Abdominal swelling | 117 (80.69) | 1.74 (0.70-4.32) | 0.230 | 2.26 (0.73-7.02) | 0.157 |
| Blood in stool/vomit | 80 (55.17) | 1.31 (0.60-2.83) | 0.489 | 1.18 (0.49-2.80) | 0.714 |
| Fatigue | 128 (88.28) | 3.49 (1.23-9.92) | 0.019* | 3.56 (1.11-11.47) | 0.033* |
| Insomnia | 40 (27.59) | 0.62 (0.27-1.41) | 0.253 | 0.39 (0.13-1.17) | 0.093 |
| Itch/rash | 44 (30.34) | 3.14 (1.13-8.76) | 0.029* | 4.35 (1.34-14.18) | 0.015* |
| Jaundice | 65 (44.83) | 1.68 (0.76-3.71) | 0.204 | 1.51 (0.56-4.10) | 0.419 |
| Leg swelling | 120 (82.76) | 3.31 (1.33-8.24) | 0.010* | 2.62 (0.95-7.22) | 0.063 |
| Dyspepsia | 56 (38.62) | 0.87 (0.40-1.90) | 0.727 | 0.96 (0.40-2.32) | 0.922 |
| Signs | |||||
| Clubbing | 108 (74.48) | 4.55 (1.99-10.42) | <0.001* | 3.15 (0.56-17.66) | 0.193 |
| Leukonychia | 96 (66.21) | 2.90 (1.32-6.40) | 0.008* | 0.93 (0.14-7.18) | 0.987 |
| Palmar erythema | 42 (28.97) | 2.90 (1.04-8.11) | 0.042* | 0.76 (0.21-2.79) | 0.685 |
| Asterixis | 17 (11.72) | 1.49 (0.40-5.53) | 0.550 | 3.79 (0.62-23.24) | 0.150 |
| Spider naevi | 29 (20.00) | 5.14 (1.16-22.86) | 0.032* | 2.23 (0.43-1167) | 0.341 |
| Dry and brittle hair | 93 (64.14) | 3.53 (1.59-7.83) | 0.002* | 1.05 (0.35-5.98) | 0.594 |
| Sclera jaundice | 54 (37.24) | 1.58 (0.69-3.61) | <0.283 | 1.32 (0.38-4.61) | 0.657 |
| Ascites | 127 (87.57) | 28.42 (7.50-107.68) | <0.001* | 22.50 (4.88-103.77) | <0.001* |
| Esophagogastroduodenoscopy findings | |||||
| Esophageal varices | 102 (70.34) | 3.87 (1.73-8.68) | 0.001* | 5.19 (1.70-15.87) | 0.004* |
| Gastroesophageal varices | 42 (28.97) | 3.90 (1.28-11.90) | 0.017* | 3.10 (0.78-12.33) | 0.109 |
| Lax LES tone | 36 (24.83) | 0.42 (0.18-0.97) | 0.042* | 0.63 (0.22-1.79) | 0.387 |
| PHG | 67 (46.21) | 1.53 (0.70-3.36) | 0.288 | 0.28 (0.09-0.88) | 0.300 |
| GAVE | 38 (26.21) | 3.31 (1.08-10.14) | 0.036* | 3.95 (1.08-14.41) | 0.037* |
| Peptic ulcer | 46 (31.72) | 0.96 (0.42-2.19) | 0.928 | 0.42 (0.15-1.17) | 0.097 |
| Gastritis | 71 (48.97) | 0.81 (0.38-1.75) | 0.596 | 1.30 (0.51-3.32) | 0.589 |
| Duodenitis | 49 (33.79) | 2.35 (0.94-5.87) | 0.068 | 4.73 (1.57-14.27) | 0.006* |