Table 3:

Unadjusted and adjusted associations of predefined covariates and the risk of flare between weeks 0 and 24 (n=940)

Characteristic	Unadjusted HR (95% CI)	Adjusted HR (95% CI)
Demographics
Age, per 10 years	0.84 (0.78–0.90)	0.86 (0.78–0.96)
Sex
Female	1.25 (0.62–2.52)	1.21 (0.59–2.49)
Male	Ref.	Ref.
Race
Black or African American	1.05 (0.83–1.33)	1.04 (0.81–1.33)
Other	1.24 (0.92–1.67)	1.10 (0.79–1.52)
White	Ref.	Ref.
Comorbidities and Health Factors
Alcohol use	0.84 (0.69–1.02)	0.91 (0.74–1.12)
Body mass index, kg/m2
<25 (healthy/underweight)	Ref.	Ref.
25.1 to 29.9 (overweight)	0.83 (0.53–1.29)	0.90 (0.57–1.41)
30.0 to 34.9 (obese)	0.94 (0.61–1.46)	0.95 (0.61–1.49)
≥35 (morbidly obese)	1.01 (0.65–1.55)	0.97 (0.62–1.52)
Cardiovascular disease	1.07 (0.86–1.33)	1.00 (0.77–1.30)
Diabetes	1.05 (0.86–1.29)	0.99 (0.78–1.25)
Diuretic use	1.05 (0.86–1.28)	0.97 (0.76–1.25)
Chronic kidney disease (Stage 3)	1.35 (1.10–1.66)	1.24 (0.97–1.59)
Hypertension	1.06 (0.85–1.33)	0.90 (0.69–1.17)
Gout Related Factors
C-reactive protein, per 10 mg/L	1.05 (1.00–1.10)	1.05 (1.00–1.10)
Duration, per year	1.00 (0.99–1.01)	1.00 (0.99–1.01)
Prior allopurinol (≤300 mg/day), %	1.03 (0.84–1.25)	0.95 (0.76–1.19)
Prophylaxis used
Colchicine	Ref.	Ref.
Non-Colchicine	1.26 (0.94–1.70)	1.15 (0.84–1.57)
Serum urate (sUA), per 1 mg/dl	1.10 (1.03–1.17)	1.09 (1.01–1.18)
Tophi present	0.75 (0.58–0.95)	0.70 (0.54–0.91)

Adjusted models include all variables shown in addition to urate-lowering therapy (ULT) assignment (febuxostat vs. allopurinol), ULT dose escalation and a ULT*dose escalation product term (see Figure 2)