Table 1.

List of ncRNA-related mechanisms of osimertinib resistance in EGFR-mutated NSCLC.

Human ncRNAs	Function	Molecular mechanisms and targets	References
circ_0005576	oncogene	Interacts with miR-512-5p and increases insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) levels	(22)
circ_PPAPDC1A	oncogene	Targets miR-30a-3p and increases the IGF1R levels	(37)
lncRNA TSLNC8	suppressor gene	Inhibits the EGFR-STAT3 pathway and significantly enhances the therapeutic effects of osimertinib	(38)
lncRNA HIF1A-AS2	oncogene	Activates the IL-6/STAT3 axis by inhibiting miR-146b-5p expression	(39)
miR-146b-5p	suppressor gene	Suppresses interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) expression, resulting in NF-κB activity inhibition and the production of NF-κB-associated IL-6 and IL-8	(40)
miR-205-5p, miR-203a-3p, miR-200c-3p, and miR-183-5p	suppressor gene	Associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT); target prediction analysis identified ZEB1 as a crucial target for these miRNAs	(41)
let-7c	suppressor gene	Reverses EMT and increases the sensitivity of cells to osimertinib by upregulating E-cadherin and downregulating ZEB1	(42)
MiR-200c	suppressor gene	Controls EMT by reducing ZEB1 expression and increasing E-cadherin expression	(43)
lncRNA CASC8	suppressor gene	Enhances FOXM1 activity and enhances EMT	(44)
miR-210-3p	oncogene	Prompts EMT by inhibiting E-cadherin expression and enhancing vimentin expression	(45)
miR-147b	oncogene	Disrupts the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and triggers pseudohypoxia reactions	(46)
miR-21-3p and miR-21-5p	oncogene	Dysregulates purine metabolism and oxidative stress pathways by suppressing adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL)	(47)
hsa_circ_0002130	oncogene	Inhibits miR-498 and increases the key glycolysis factors, including lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), hexokinase 2 (HK2), and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1)	(48)
circ7312	oncogene	Decreases pyroptosis and apoptosis through interaction with the miR-764/MAPK1 axis	(49)
lncRNA CRNDE	oncogene	Decreases the eIF4A/MUC1/EGFR pathway and impairs apoptotic activity	(50)
lnc-MZT2A-5:1	oncogene	Stimulates the activation of MRC-5 fibroblast cells	(51)
circKRT17	oncogene	Modified by METTL3, enhancing the nuclear transport and stability of YAP1 by recruiting EIF4A3	(52)
let-7b	suppressor gene	METTL3 decreases pri-Let-7b and increases both the expression of pre-let-7b and mature let-7b, thereby suppressing Notch signaling pathway activation	(53)
circFBXW7	suppressor gene	Represses Wnt pathway functions through the activity of its short polypeptides, circFBXW7-185AA	(54)
circRBM33	oncogene	Modulates the DNMT1/IL-6 axis	(55)
lnc-TMEM132D-AS1	oncogene	Binds to miR-766-5p, resulting in the increased expression of ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (ENTPD1)	(56)