Table 2.

Clinical significance of ncRNAs in osimertinib-resistant non-small cell lung cancer.

ncRNAs	Study population	Samples	Clinical findings	References
circKRT17	24 osimertinib-sensitive patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and 16 osimertinib-resistant patients with LUAD	Lung cancer tissue	circKRT17 was highly expressed in osimertinib-resistant LUAD tissues	(52)
miR-6513-5p, miR-5189-5p, miR-1468-3p, and miR-323-3p	27 NSCLC patients who developed EGFR T790M following treatment with first or second generation of EGFR-TKI	Plasma samples (the initial osimertinib treatment and PD)	The four miRNAs have the potential to serve as markers for distinguishing between osimertinib-resistant and osimertinib-sensitive patients with NSCLC with a high level of accuracy. They are associated with prolonged overall survival (OS) and time-to-treatment failure (TTF).	(80)
miR-3913-5p and miR-184	67 EGFR-mutated patients with NSCLC	Plasma samples (the initial osimertinib treatment and PD)	There was a marked rise in the levels of exosome-derived miR-3913-5p and miR-184 after the initiation of osimertinib resistance. miR-3913-5p and miR-184 demonstrated greater utility in predicting resistance to osimertinib in patients with EGFR exon 21 L858R point mutations than exon 19 deletion. miR-3913-5p correlated with other tumor parameters, including platelet count, Tumor, Node, Metastasis (TNM) stage, carcinoembryonic antigen tumor marker, and the presence of distant metastases.	(81)
miR-494-3p	21 NSCLC patients with acquired EGFR T790M-mutation following treatment with first or second generation of EGFR-TKI	Plasma samples (the initial osimertinib treatment and PD)	miR-494-3p showed a significant elevation in the plasma sample at the disease progression stage	(82)
lncRNA MSTRG.292666.16	2 NSCLC patients with acquired EGFR T790M-mutation following treatment with first generation of EGFR-TKI	Plasma samples (the initial osimertinib treatment and PD)	MSTRG.292666.16 exhibited a considerable increase in the plasma of patients who were resistant to osimertinib.	(83)
lnc-TMEM132D-AS1	25 osimertinib-sensitive patients with LUAD and 25 osimertinib-resistant patients with LUAD	Plasma samples from patients with NSCLC	lnc-TMEM132D-AS1 in the plasma of patients with NSCLC who developed resistance to osimertinib was approximately 3.52-fold higher than in patients who were sensitive to osimertinib.	(56)
hsa_circ_0002130	32 osimertinib-sensitive patients with LUAD and 28 osimertinib-resistant patients with LUAD	Plasma samples of NSCLC patients	hsa_circ_0002130 exhibited higher expression levels in serum exosomes obtained from patients with osimertinib-resistant NSCLC in comparison to those with osimertinib-sensitive NSCLC	(48)
lncRNA LINC00460	54 patients diagnosed with recurrent post-operative EGFR-mutant LUAD were treated with osimertinib	Lung cancer tissue and plasma samples	The upregulation of LINC00460 resulted in a markedly reduced overall response rate to osimertinib; high LINC00460 expression in the primary tumor site and plasma of patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC following osimertinib therapy is indicative of reduced PFS and OS	(84)