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. 2024 Sep 14;22(4):429–437. doi: 10.1016/j.jesf.2024.09.003

Table 4.

Mean skin temperature values recorded during each phase of the treadmill protocol for both groups.

Skin temp. Group
Group Difference 95 % CI
p-value
Pregnant
Non-pregnant
No. Mean SD No. Mean SD
Lower Upper
Baseline (°C) 15 15
31.37 0.79 30.20 0.51 1.16 0.66 1.66 <0.001
 Range [Min to Max] 29.87–32.96 29.29–31.51
Total exercise (°C)
 Avg 15 31.62 0.76 15 31.28 0.54 0.34 −0.15 0.84 0.168
 Range [Min to Max] 28.20–35.13 28.44–34.26
Interval (°C)
1st 15 15
 Avg 30.32 0.86 30.32 0.54 0.01 −0.53 0.55 0.976
 Min 30.18 0.88 30.09 0.53 0.09 −0.45 0.64 0.728
 Max 30.57 0.87 30.67 0.60 −0.10 −0.66 0.46 0.708
 Inc 0.40 0.22 0.58 0.28 −0.18 −0.37 0.00 0.053
 Range [Min to Max] 28.28–32.09 29.29–31.92
2nd 15 15
 Avg 31.20 0.82 31.10 0.60 0.10 −0.44 0.64 0.705
 Min 30.80 0.81 30.70 0.64 0.10 −0.45 0.64 0.712
 Max 31.86 0.89 31.65 0.59 0.21 −0.35 0.78 0.446
 Inc 1.61 1.06 0.95 0.25 0.12 −0.09 0.33 0.262
 Range [Min to Max] 29.06–32.08 29.70–32.86
3rd 13 15
 Avg 31.67 0.86 31.52 0.71 0.15 −0.46 0.76 0.621
 Min 31.27 0.81 31.07 0.76 0.20 −0.41 0.81 0.508
 Max 32.36 0.99 32.12 0.68 0.24 −0.42 0.89 0.464
 Inc 1.09 0.37 1.05 0.43 0.04 −0.28 0.35 0.806
 Range [Min to Max] 29.54–33.79 30.10–33.43
4th 8 15
 Avg 31.95 0.95 31.75 0.72 0.20 −0.53 0.93 0.573
 Min 31.56 1.08 31.34 0.81 0.22 −0.60 1.05 0.579
 Max 32.53 0.97 32.36 0.67 0.18 −0.54 0.89 0.613
 Inc 0.98 0.40 1.02 0.25 −0.05 −0.38 0.29 0.778
 Range [Min to Max] 29.32–33.63 30.24–33.28
5th 4 15
 Avg 32.55 0.81 31.81 0.67 0.73 −0.09 1.56 0.079
 Min 31.98 0.81 31.35 0.78 0.63 −0.30 1.56 0.172
 Max 33.39 0.94 32.44 0.60 0.95 0.15 1.75 0.023
 Inc 1.41 0.35 1.10 0.43 0.31 −0.18 0.80 0.199
 Range [Min to Max] 30.88–34.08 30.13–33.25

CI, Confidence Interval; Inc, increase temperature; SD, Standard Deviation, Total exercise, from warm-up to 20 min post-exercise.

Range [Min to Max]; Individually measured temperatures for all participants in each group.

A sample size below 15 is due to the occurrence of missing values due to discontinuation of the treadmill protocol.