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. 2024 Aug 21;6(9):1791–1806. doi: 10.1038/s42255-024-01114-8

Extended Data Fig. 7. Improved glucose homeostasis after the specific ablation of the pancreatic α-, δ-, and γ-cells.

Extended Data Fig. 7

a. Immunofluorescence from control (Ctrl, left panel), mice injected with 120 ng of DT (middle panel) or 5 ng of DT (right panel). Top row: Brain somatostatin (green). Mid row: islet insulin (red), glucagon, somatostatin or Ppy (green). Bottom row: stomach somatostatin (green). Scale bars: 20 μm or 10 μm (insets). b. Brain qPCR on SST in Ctrl (black; n = 6) and 120ngDT (grey; n = 3) or 5ngDT (red; n = 5). Data are normalized ct values relative to β-actin and Gapdh. P-values: Ctrlvs5ngDT P = 0.6623, Ctrlvs120ngDT P = 0.0238, 5ngDTvs120ngDT P = 0.0357. c. Quantification of pancreatic GCG+, SST+, and PPY+ cells in Ctrl (black; n = 5), 120ngDT (grey; n = 4) or 5ngDT (red; n = 4). P-values: GCG+ Ctrlvs5ngDT P < 0.0001, Ctrlvs120ngDT P < 0.0001, 5ngDTvs120ngDT P = 0.5783. SST+ Ctrlvs5ngDT P = 0.0001, Ctrlvs120ngDT P < 0.0001, 5ngDTvs120ngDT P = 0.9852. PPY+ Ctrlvs5ngDT P < 0.0001, Ctrlvs120ngDT P < 0.0001, 5ngDTvs120ngDT P = 0.9964. d. Stomach qPCR on SST in Ctrl (black; n = 14) and 120ngDT (grey; n = 4) or 5ngDT (red; n = 4). Data are normalized ct values relative to β-actin and Gapdh. P-values: Ctrlvs5ngDT at 15 dpa P = 0.0013; Ctrlvs5ngDT at 30 dpa P = 0.7209; Ctrlvs120ngDT at 15 dpa P = 0.0006; Ctrlvs120ngDT at 30 dpa P = 0.0676; 5ngDT 15dpavs30dpa P = 0.0286; 120ngDT 15dpavs30dpa P = 0.0043. e-f. Glycemia (e) and body weight (f, % of change) of Ctrl (black; n = 12), 120ngDT (grey; n = 7) or 5ngDT (red; n = 8). Small panel: area under the curve (AUC). P-values: Glycemia Ctrlvs5ngDT P = 0.0017; Ctrlvs120ngDT P < 0.0001; 5ngDTvs120ngDT P = 0.003. Body weight Ctrlvs5ngDT P = 0.1196; Ctrlvs120ngDT P < 0.0001; 5ngDTvs120ngDT P = 0.003. g. Oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) in Ctrl (black; n = 14), 120ngDT (grey; n = 10) or 5ngDT (red; n = 8). P-values: Ctrlvs5ngDT P = 0.0003; Ctrlvs120ngDT P < 0.0001; 5ngDTvs120ngDT P = 0.4215. h. Stimulation index (S.I.) of insulin in Ctrl (black; n = 12), 120ngDT (grey; n = 10) or 5ngDT (red; n = 8). P-values Ctrlvs5ngDT P = 0.0011; Ctrlvs120ngDT P = 0.0206; 5ngDTvs120ngDT P = 0.2844. i. Insulin tolerance test (ITT) in Ctrl (black; n = 14), 120ngDT (grey; n = 9) or 5ngDT (red; n = 8). Data are shown as % relative to glycemia at time 0. Right panel: AUC. P-values Ctrlvs5ngDT P = 0.0072; Ctrlvs120ngDT P = 0.0005; 5ngDTvs120ngDT P = 0.7979. j. Graphical summary. Only male mice were used. Error bars denote s.e.m. Two-way ANOVA and two-tailed Mann-Whitney test are used. Source data is available.

Source data