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. 2024 Aug 21;6(9):1791–1806. doi: 10.1038/s42255-024-01114-8

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a, Glycaemia of control (Ctrl) and DT β-only mice after 5 h (Ctrl, n = 6; DT, n = 6) or 16 h (Ctrl, n = 7; DT, n = 6) fasting. P values (DT vs Ctrl): 5 h fasting, P = 0.093; 16 h fasting, P = 0.7587. b, Pancreatic GCG levels of Ctrl (n = 7) and DT (n = 6) β-only mice after 16 h fasting. P values: DT vs Ctrl, **P = 0.0012. c, Plasma GCG levels of Ctrl and DT β-only mice after 5 h (Ctrl, n = 8; DT, n = 8) or 16 h (Ctrl, n = 9; DT, n = 8) fasting. P values: 5 h fasting DT vs Ctrl, **P = 0.0011; 16 h fasting DT vs Ctrl, P = 0.1447. NS, not significant. d–f, Plasma cortisol (Ctrl n = 7; DT n = 6) (d), growth hormone (Ctrl n = 7; DT n = 4) (e) and epinephrine (Ctrl n = 8; DT n = 6) (f) levels of Ctrl and DT after 16 h fasting. P values DT vs Ctrl: cortisol, P = 0.0688; growth hormone, P = 0.7879; epinephrine, P = 0.1074. g, Pyruvate tolerance test (PTT) after 16 h fasting in Ctrl (n = 13) and DT (n = 16) mice. Right panel: AUC of PTT. P values: DT vs Ctrl, P = 0.7136. h–j, Hepatic glycogen (Ctrl n = 12; DT n = 8) (h), pyruvate (Ctrl n = 15; DT n = 8) (i) and lactate (Ctrl n = 14; DT n = 8) (j) levels after 16 h fasting in Ctrl and DT mice. P values DT vs Ctrl: glycogen, P = 0.69; pyruvate, P = 0.579; lactate, P = 0.713. k, Expression of hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes after 16 h fasting in Ctrl (black, n = 14) and DT (red, n = 9) mice. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (Pepck), pyruvate carboxylase (Pcx), glucose-6-phosphatase (G6pase) and glucose transporter 1 (Glut1). P values DT vs Ctrl: Pepck, P = 0.2303; Pcx, P = 0.095; G6pase, P = 0.8775; Glut1, P = 0.0534. Only male mice were used. All data are shown as mean ± s.e.m.; P values are from two-tailed Mann–Whitney tests.

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