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. 2024 Aug 21;6(9):1791–1806. doi: 10.1038/s42255-024-01114-8

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a, Experimental design; wdc, weeks of diet challenge. b, Percentage of body weight change in Ctrl + chow (n = 10), Ctrl + HFD (n = 10), DT + chow (n = 8) and DT + HFD (n = 11). Right panel: AUC of body weight change. P values: Ctrl + chow vs Ctrl + HFD, ****P < 0.0001; Ctrl + chow vs DT + chow, P = 0.44; DT + chow vs DT + HFD, *P = 0.03; Ctrl + HFD vs DT + HFD, **P = 0.007. c, Body composition (fat and lean mass, as % of body weight (BW)) in Ctrl + chow (gray, n = 10), Ctrl + HFD (black, n = 10), DT + chow (pink, n = 8) and DT + HFD (red, n = 11). P values: fat mass, Ctrl + chow vs Ctrl + HFD, ****P < 0.0001; Ctrl + HFD vs DT + HFD, P = 0.0003; lean mass, Ctrl + chow vs Ctrl + HFD, ****P < 0.0001; Ctrl + HFD vs DT + HFD, P < 0.0001. d, Fasting glycaemia of Ctrl + chow (gray, n = 10), Ctrl + HFD (black, n = 10), DT + chow (pink, n = 8) and DT + HFD (red, n = 11). Right panel: AUC of fasting glycaemia. P values: Ctrl + chow vs Ctrl + HFD, **P = 0.0089; Ctrl + HFD vs DT + HFD, *P = 0.0207. e, oGTT at 24 wdc of Ctrl + chow (gray, n = 10), Ctrl + HFD (black, n = 10), DT + chow (pink, n = 8), DT + HFD (red, n = 11) mice. Right panel: AUC of oGTT. P values: Ctrl + chow vs Ctrl + HFD, **P = 0.0015; DT + chow vs DT + HFD, *P = 0.0068; Ctrl + HFD vs DT + HFD, **P = 0.0028. f, Plasma insulin along oGTT. Left panel, plasma insulin 0 and 10 min after glucose injection in Ctrl + chow (n = 10), Ctrl + HFD (n = 8), DT + chow (n = 6), DT + HFD (n = 9). Right panel: stimulation index of insulin release. P values: Ctrl + chow (0 vs 10 min), P = 0.0052; Ctrl + HFD (0 vs 10 min), P = 0.0006; DT + chow (0 vs 10 min), P = 0.0043; DT + HFD (0 vs 10 min), P = 0.004. Ctrl + HFD vs DT + HFD at 0 min, **P = 0.0056; Ctrl + HFD vs DT + HFD at 10 min, **P = 0.0025. g, ITT at 24 wdc. Left panel, ITT as % of change relative to time 0 in Ctrl + chow (gray, n = 9), Ctrl + HFD (black, n = 10), DT + chow (pink, n = 6) and DT + HFD (red, n = 10). Right panel: AUC of ITT. P values: Ctrl + chow vs DT + chow, *P = 0.0496; Ctrl + HFD vs DT + HFD, ***P = 0.0005. Body weight changes, body composition, fasting glycaemia, oGTT, plasma insulin levels and ITT were obtained from the same mice. Only male mice were used. All data are shown as mean ± s.e.m.; P values are from two-tailed Mann–Whitney tests.

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