Table 3.

Comparative overview of trials NACT vs. upfront surgery

Study	Intervention	Sample size	Primary endpoint	Key findings
CALGB 150007 (2003)	NACT vs. upfront surgery	162	Disease-free survival (DFS)	No significant difference in DFS between the two arms
GeparTrio (2009)	NACT vs. upfront surgery	2,072	Pathological complete response (pCR)	Higher pCR rates with NACT (29.6% vs. 11.8%)
SWOG S0800 (2015)	NACT vs. upfront surgery	310	Event-free survival (EFS)	No significant difference in EFS between the two arms
EORTC 10994/BIG 1–00	NACT vs. upfront surgery	337	Overall survival (OS)	No significant difference in OS between NACT and upfront surgery