. 2023 Nov 22;274(7):1697–1707. doi: 10.1007/s00406-023-01713-8

Table 5.

Effect modification of inflammatory cytokines on the metabolites of the kynurenine and serotonin pathways in both groups (interaction analysis)

	Standardized coefficient (β)	Coefficient (B)	95% confidence interval	Standard error	t-value	Adjusted p-value
Group #^a TNF-α
Quinolinic acid/tryptophan	1.029	5.930 × 10⁻⁴	2.496 × 10⁻⁴– 9.378 × 10⁻⁴	1.685 × 10⁻⁴	3.52	< 0.001
Serotonin	− 1.444	− 5.880 × 10⁻⁴	− 1.168 × 10⁻³– − 8.322 × 10⁻⁶	2.835 × 10⁻⁴	− 2.07	0.047

Standardized coefficient
(β)

Coefficient
(B)

95% confidence interval

Standard error

t-value

Adjusted
p-value

Group #^a TNF-α

Quinolinic acid/tryptophan

1.029

5.930 × 10⁻⁴

2.496 × 10⁻⁴–

9.378 × 10⁻⁴

1.685 × 10⁻⁴

3.52

< 0.001

Serotonin

− 1.444

− 5.880 × 10⁻⁴

− 1.168 × 10⁻³–

− 8.322 × 10⁻⁶

2.835 × 10⁻⁴

− 2.07

0.047

^a(#) indicates interaction analysis (i.e., Group # TNF-α shows interaction analysis between TNF-α and MDD with and without T2DM). P-values are adjusted for age, sex, and BMI. The adjusted p-value was determined by multiple regression analysis. MDD major depressive disorder, T2DM type 2 diabetes mellitus, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-α