Fig. 9.

outlines an experimental protocol used to assess the efficacy of the bioactive compounds costunolide (C₁₅H₂0O₂), dehydrocostus lactone (C₁₅H₁₈O₂), and cynaropicrin (C₁₉H₂₂O₆) in tumor suppression using an immunodeficient mouse model. [A] shows the chemical structures of these compounds. [B] depicts the experimental flow: established human tumor cell lines were cultured and then injected into immunodeficient mice. The treatment timeline showed drug injections on days 10, 11, and 15, with body weight measurements extending over 7 weeks. The study concluded with the harvesting of tumors and organs on the day of sacrifice.