Table 3.

Some common, ethnomedicinally important Indian species of genus Sauss

Name	Uses	Distribution	References
The species of Saussurea auriculata is found in Europe and North America.	•The leaves are edible, and they are used as vegetables.	•On open slopes and in shrubs in the Himalayas, 2000–4300 m. Specifically, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttaranchal.	Gezahegn et al. [223]
	•In the treatment of colds, coughs, and fevers, whole plants are used.	•These mountains are found in Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttaranchal at elevations between 3500 and 5600 m.	Semwal et al., [224]
Saussurea ceratocarpa Decne.	•This plant is used to treat colic, headaches, back pain, excessive menstrual bleeding, and kidney pain.	•The Western Himalayas extend from 3000 to 5000 m above sea level in Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir.	Rees [225]
The Saussurea costus species (Falc.) Lipsch.	•Asthma, dysentery, and rheumatism can be treated with plants that grow in Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttaranchal. Additionally, these plants produce edible leaves.	•The Himalayas can be found in subalpine regions ranging from 3200 to 5000 m above sea level, particularly in Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttaranchal.	Idriss et al. [22],
Saussurea gossypiphora D. Don.	•Plants are sacred from top to bottom.	•At elevations of 3500–5700 m, the Himalayas are found in Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, and Sikkim.	Aryal et al., [226]
Saussurea heteromalla (Don).	•Carminative properties of seeds, used to treat horse bites.	•In the arid regions of the dry hill slopes, ranging from 550 to 4000 m in elevation, it is found in the state of Jammu and Kashmir.	Rozina et al., [227]
Saussurea obvallata (DC.) Edgew.	•All parts of the plant are sacred, including the root, which is used to treat bruises and cuts.	•Arunachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, and Sikkim all have mountains between 3800 and 4600 m high.	Semwal et al., [224]
Simpsoniana (Field. & Gard.) Lipsch.	•Fever and snakebite are treated with inflorescence.	•It includes Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, and Sikkim, regions with altitudes between 4400 and 5600 m.	Sharma et al., [228]