Table 1.
Sociodemographic and prevalence of K. pneumoniaeisolated from maternal sepsis casesin five tertiary hospitals in Ethiopia, 2024
| Covariates | Crude OR (95%CI) | P Value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Onset of infection | Present on admissions | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | - |
| Nosocomial/hospital onset | 3.7 [0.8–3.2] | 0.001 | 2.0[1.7–11.3] | 0.01 | |
| ICU admission history | No | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
| Yes | 10.3 [3.7–17.1] | 0.001* | 4.3 [2.4–11.2] | 0.01 | |
| Length of admission | ≤ 1 WK | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | - |
| 1–2 WKs | 0.8 [0.3–1.7] | 0.9 | 0.7 [0.1–1.2] | 0.06 | |
| 2–3 Wks | 3.8 [0.2–2.0] | 0.01 | 2.1 [2.3–8.5] | 0.01* | |
| 3–4 WKs | 7.7 [1.2–16.3] | 0.01 | 4.4 [3.0–15.9] | 0.001** | |
| ≥ 4 WKs | 9.1 [2.3–21.4] | 0.001* | 3.7 [1.6–19.4] | 0.0001** | |
| Pregnancy status at the time of infections suspected | Pregnant, not in labor | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
| Pregnant, in labor | 0.2[0.1–0.6] | 0.32 | 0.2 [0.1–1.1] | 0.7 | |
| Postpartum | 7.3 [2.5–14.4] | 0.001* | 5.4 [2.1–10.2] | 0.001** | |
| Postabortion | 12.3 [7.7–20.4] | 0.001* | 9.8 [5.7–16.3] | 0.001*** | |
| Gravidity | Primigravida | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
| Multigravida | 3.3 [0.1–4.6] | 0.03 | 2.2 [1.1–2.6] | 0.01 | |
| Parity | Nulliparous | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
| Multiparous | 2.4[1.1–3.7] | 0.01 | 2.0 [1.3–4.7] | 0.009 | |
| Mode of birth | Vaginal birth | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
| Cesarean | 4.3 [2.4–10.2] | 0.01 | 4.1 [2.0–9.2] | 0.001* | |
| Prolonged rupture of membranes | No | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
| Yes | 12.3 [6.2–22.4] | 0.0001* | 8.1 [5.6–11.3] | 0.001** | |
| Septic abortion | No | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
| Yes | 14.3 [3.7–19.4] | 0.001* | 5.3 [2.2–14.4] | 0.0001** | |
| Dilatation and curettage | No | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
| Yes | 4.2 [2.4–11.5] | 0.001* | 2.2 [1.3–13.4] | 0.001** | |
| Chorioamnionitis | No | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
| Yes | 12.3 [1.6–25.6] | 0.002* | 8.3 [2.2–19.1] | 0.001* | |
| Recurrent UTI | No | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
| Yes | 5.4[2.9–13.2] | 0.02 | 3.3[1.6–13.2] | 0.01 | |
| Pulmonary infections Pneumonia | No | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
| Yes | 2.9 [2.1–5.2] | 0.01* | 2.0 [1.5–3.8] | 0.01* | |
| Surgery/indwelling device/catheter | No | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
| Yes | 3.7 [1.8–5.8] | 0.001* | 2.1 [1.4–6.2] | 0.01* | |
| Cervical/breast cancer | No | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
| Yes | 6.1[2.2–17.3] | 0.01* | 5.2[1.2–11.4] | 0.001*** | |
| Hypertension | No | 1.00 | - | - | - |
| Yes | 0.4[0.2–1.4] | 0.39 | - | - | |
| Diabetes mellitus | No | 1.00 | - | - | - |
| Yes | 0.8[0.2–2.1] | 0.15 | - | - | |
| Within the past 3 months history of comorbidities | No | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
| Yes | 7.8 [4.3–12.7] | 0.001* | 5.1. [3.8–11.1] | 0.001** | |
| Within 8wks antibiotic treatment | Yes | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
| No | 16.3[9.3–19.7] | 0.01* | 15.8 [9.3–32.7] | 0.001*** | |
| History of alcohol intake | Never | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | - |
| Yes, some time alcohol and tela | 4[1.2–7.4] | 0.03 | 1.1 [0.4–1.9] | 0.2 | |
| Yes, frequently alcohol beer, tela | 8[2.9–11.3] | 0.001 | 3.2 [1.6–4.9] | 0.01* | |